Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Solid organ transplantation (SOT) is a lifesaving treatment for end-stage organ failure. Although many factors affect the success of organ transplantation, recipient and donor sex are important biological factors influencing transplant outcome. However, the impact of the four possible recipient and donor sex combinations (RDSC) on transplant outcome remains largely unclear.
METHODS: A scoping review was carried out focusing on studies examining the association between RDSC and outcomes (mortality, graft rejection, and infection) after heart, lung, liver, and kidney transplantation. All studies up to February 2023 were included.
RESULTS: Multiple studies published between 1998 and 2022 show that RDSC is an important factor affecting the outcome after organ transplantation. Male recipients of SOT have a higher risk of mortality and graft failure than female recipients. Differences regarding the causes of death are observed. Female recipients on the other hand are more susceptible to infections after SOT.
CONCLUSIONS: Differences in underlying illnesses as well as age, immunosuppressive therapy and underlying biological mechanisms among male and female SOT recipients affect the post-transplant outcome. However, the precise mechanisms influencing the interaction between RDSC and post-transplant outcome remain largely unclear. A better understanding of how to identify and modulate these factors may improve outcome, which is particularly important in light of the worldwide organ shortage. An analysis for differences of etiology and causes of graft loss or mortality, respectively, is warranted across the RDSC groups.
CONCLUSIONS: Recipient and donor sex combinations affect outcome after solid organ transplantation. While female recipients are more susceptible to infections after solid organ transplantation, they have higher overall survival following SOT, with causes of death differing from male recipients. Sex-differences should be taken into account in the post-transplant management.
METHODS: A scoping review was carried out focusing on studies examining the association between RDSC and outcomes (mortality, graft rejection, and infection) after heart, lung, liver, and kidney transplantation. All studies up to February 2023 were included.
RESULTS: Multiple studies published between 1998 and 2022 show that RDSC is an important factor affecting the outcome after organ transplantation. Male recipients of SOT have a higher risk of mortality and graft failure than female recipients. Differences regarding the causes of death are observed. Female recipients on the other hand are more susceptible to infections after SOT.
CONCLUSIONS: Differences in underlying illnesses as well as age, immunosuppressive therapy and underlying biological mechanisms among male and female SOT recipients affect the post-transplant outcome. However, the precise mechanisms influencing the interaction between RDSC and post-transplant outcome remain largely unclear. A better understanding of how to identify and modulate these factors may improve outcome, which is particularly important in light of the worldwide organ shortage. An analysis for differences of etiology and causes of graft loss or mortality, respectively, is warranted across the RDSC groups.
CONCLUSIONS: Recipient and donor sex combinations affect outcome after solid organ transplantation. While female recipients are more susceptible to infections after solid organ transplantation, they have higher overall survival following SOT, with causes of death differing from male recipients. Sex-differences should be taken into account in the post-transplant management.
摘要：
背景：实体器官移植（SOT）是终末期器官衰竭的一种挽救生命的治疗方法。虽然影响器官移植成功的因素很多,受者和供体性别是影响移植结果的重要生物学因素。然而,四种可能的受体和供体性别组合(RDSC)对移植结局的影响尚不清楚.
方法：进行了范围审查，重点是研究RDSC与结果（死亡率，移植排斥,和感染)在心脏之后，肺，肝脏,和肾移植。截至2023年2月的所有研究都包括在内。
结果：1998年至2022年之间发表的多项研究表明，RDSC是影响器官移植后结果的重要因素。SOT的男性接受者比女性接受者具有更高的死亡和移植物失败的风险。观察到关于死亡原因的差异。另一方面，女性接受者在SOT后更容易受到感染。
结论：基础疾病和年龄的差异，男性和女性SOT受者的免疫抑制治疗和潜在的生物学机制影响移植后的结果。然而,影响RDSC与移植后结局之间相互作用的确切机制仍不清楚.更好地了解如何识别和调节这些因素可能会改善结果，鉴于全球器官短缺，这一点尤为重要。移植物丢失或死亡的病因和原因的差异分析，分别,所有RDSC组都有保证。
结论：受体和供体性别组合影响实体器官移植后的结果。虽然女性受者在实体器官移植后更容易受到感染，他们在SOT后有更高的总生存率，死亡原因与男性接受者不同。在移植后管理中应考虑性别差异。
方法：进行了范围审查，重点是研究RDSC与结果（死亡率，移植排斥,和感染)在心脏之后，肺，肝脏,和肾移植。截至2023年2月的所有研究都包括在内。
结果：1998年至2022年之间发表的多项研究表明，RDSC是影响器官移植后结果的重要因素。SOT的男性接受者比女性接受者具有更高的死亡和移植物失败的风险。观察到关于死亡原因的差异。另一方面，女性接受者在SOT后更容易受到感染。
结论：基础疾病和年龄的差异，男性和女性SOT受者的免疫抑制治疗和潜在的生物学机制影响移植后的结果。然而,影响RDSC与移植后结局之间相互作用的确切机制仍不清楚.更好地了解如何识别和调节这些因素可能会改善结果，鉴于全球器官短缺，这一点尤为重要。移植物丢失或死亡的病因和原因的差异分析，分别,所有RDSC组都有保证。
结论：受体和供体性别组合影响实体器官移植后的结果。虽然女性受者在实体器官移植后更容易受到感染，他们在SOT后有更高的总生存率，死亡原因与男性接受者不同。在移植后管理中应考虑性别差异。
