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Abstract：
A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the prevalence, molecular detection, and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolates within 162 poultry farms in selected urban and peri-urban areas of central Ethiopia. A total of 1515 samples, including cloacal swabs (n = 763), fresh fecal droppings (n = 188), litter (n = 188), feed (n = 188), and water (n = 188), were bacteriologically tested. The molecular detection of some culture-positive isolates was performed via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by targeting spy and sdfl genes for Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis, respectively. Risk factors for the occurrence of the bacterial isolates were assessed. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of PCR-confirmed Salmonella isolates was conducted using 12 antibiotics. In this study, it was observed that 50.6% of the farms were positive for Salmonella. The overall sample-level prevalence of Salmonella was 14.4%. Among the analyzed risk factors, the type of production, breed, and sample type demonstrated a statistically significant association (p < 0.05) with the bacteriological prevalence of Salmonella. The PCR test disclosed that 45.5% (15/33) and 23.3% (10/43) of the isolates were positive for genes of Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis, respectively. The antimicrobial susceptibility test disclosed multi-drug resistance to ten of the tested antibiotics that belong to different classes. Substantial isolation of Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis in poultry and on poultry farms, along with the existence of multi-drug resistant isolates, poses an alarming risk of zoonotic and food safety issues. Hence, routine flock testing, farm surveillance, biosecurity intervention, stringent antimicrobial use regulations, and policy support for the sector are highly needed.
摘要：
进行了一项横断面研究以评估患病率，分子检测，以及埃塞俄比亚中部选定城市和城市周边地区162个家禽养殖场中沙门氏菌分离株的抗菌素耐药性。总共1515个样本,包括泄殖腔拭子（n=763），新鲜粪便（n=188），垃圾(n=188)，饲料（n=188），和水（n=188），进行了细菌学测试。通过针对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌和肠炎沙门氏菌的spy和sdfl基因，通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）对某些培养阳性分离株进行分子检测，分别。评估了细菌分离物发生的危险因素。使用12种抗生素对PCR确认的沙门氏菌分离株进行了药敏试验。在这项研究中,据观察，50.6%的农场对沙门氏菌呈阳性。沙门氏菌的总体样本水平患病率为14.4％。在分析的风险因素中，生产的类型,品种,和样本类型与沙门氏菌的细菌学患病率具有统计学上的显着关联（p<0.05）。PCR检测显示，45.5%(15/33)和23.3%(10/43)的分离株鼠伤寒沙门氏菌和肠炎沙门氏菌基因阳性，分别。抗微生物药敏试验揭示了对属于不同类别的十种受试抗生素的多药耐药性。在家禽和家禽养殖场中大量分离出鼠伤寒沙门氏菌和肠炎沙门氏菌，随着多重耐药菌株的存在，构成了人畜共患和食品安全问题的惊人风险。因此，常规羊群测试，农场监控,生物安全干预，严格的抗菌素使用法规，该部门非常需要政策支持。
