PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Allergies affect approximately 10-30% of people worldwide, with an increasing number of cases each year; however, the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. In recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been suggested to play a role in allergic sensitization and skew to a T helper type 2 (Th2) response. The aim of this review is to highlight the existing evidence of EV involvement in allergies. A total of 22 studies were reviewed; 12 studies showed EVs can influence a Th2 response, while 10 studies found EVs promoted a Th1 or Treg response. EVs can drive allergic sensitization through up-regulation of pro-Th2 cytokines, such as IL-4 and IL-13. In addition, EVs from MRSA can induce IgE hypersensitivity in mice towards MRSA. On the other hand, EVs can induce tolerance in the immune system; for example, pre-exposing OVA-loaded EVs prevented OVA sensitization in mice. The current literature thus suggests that EVs play an essential role in allergy. Further research utilizing human in vitro models and clinical studies is needed to give a reliable account of the role of EVs in allergy.
摘要：
过敏影响全球约10-30%的人，随着每年案件数量的增加；然而，潜在的机制仍然知之甚少。近年来,细胞外囊泡（EV）已被认为在变应性致敏和倾斜T辅助型2（Th2）反应中发挥作用。这篇综述的目的是强调EV参与过敏的现有证据。共审查了22项研究；12项研究表明，电动汽车可以影响Th2反应，而10项研究发现电动汽车促进Th1或Treg反应。电动汽车可以通过上调pro-Th2细胞因子来驱动过敏性致敏，如IL-4和IL-13。此外,来自MRSA的EV可以诱导小鼠对MRSA的IgE超敏反应。另一方面,电动汽车可以诱导免疫系统的耐受性；例如，预暴露OVA负载的EV可防止小鼠OVA致敏。因此，目前的文献表明，电动汽车在过敏中起着至关重要的作用。需要利用人类体外模型和临床研究进行进一步的研究，以可靠地说明电动汽车在过敏中的作用。
