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Abstract：
Propolis, a bee product, is known for its variability of chemical and bioactive profiles. However, Portuguese propolis from Gerês, normally obtained by mixing propolis from three places-Bugalho, Felgueiras and Toutelo-has shown similar chemical and biological profiles over the years. Recently, a new propolis place-Roca-was added to the apiary to replace Bugalho, lost to the 2017 wildfires, hence questioning the previously claimed constancy of Gerês propolis. To unravel to what extent the beehive relocation affected this constancy, we studied different Gerês propolis samples collected in three consecutive years (2017-2019) composed of different combinations of source places. Two honey samples, collected before (2017) and after (2018) the occurrence of the wildfire, were also investigated. Total phenolics, flavonoids and ortho-diphenols contents were determined and the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were evaluated, using the DPPH assay and the agar dilution method, respectively. Although both antimicrobial and antioxidant activities were generally in the ranges usually obtained from Gerês propolis, some variations were detected for the samples, with different compositions when compared to previous years. This work reinforces the importance of the consistency of a combination of several factors for the protection and preservation of the flora near the hives, providing bee products with more constant chemical and biological profiles over the years.
摘要：
蜂胶,蜂产品，以其化学和生物活性曲线的可变性而闻名。然而,葡萄牙蜂胶来自Gerès,通常通过从三个地方混合蜂胶获得-Bugalho，Felgueiras和Toutelo-多年来表现出相似的化学和生物学特征。最近,一个新的蜂胶场所-Roca-被添加到养蜂场中以代替Bugalho，输给了2017年的野火，因此质疑先前声称的Geräs蜂胶的恒定性。要弄清蜂箱搬迁在多大程度上影响了这种稳定性，我们研究了连续三年（2017-2019年）收集的不同Geräs蜂胶样品，这些样品由不同的来源地组合组成。两个蜂蜜样本,在野火发生之前(2017年)和之后(2018年)收集，也被调查了。总酚类物质,测定了黄酮类化合物和邻二酚的含量，并对其抗氧化和抗菌活性进行了评价，使用DPPH测定法和琼脂稀释法，分别。尽管抗微生物和抗氧化活性通常在通常从Geräs蜂胶获得的范围内，检测到样品的一些变化，与往年相比，成分不同。这项工作加强了几个因素组合对蜂巢附近植物区系保护和保存的一致性的重要性，多年来为蜂产品提供更稳定的化学和生物特征。
