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Abstract：
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are cellulose-derived nanomaterials that can be easily obtained, e.g., from vegetable waste produced by circular economies. They show promising antimicrobial activity and an absence of side effects and toxicity. This study investigated the ability of CNCs to reduce microbial adherence and biofilm formation using in vitro microbiological models reproducing the oral environment. Microbial adherence by microbial strains of oral interest, Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans, was evaluated on the surfaces of salivary pellicle-coated enamel disks in the presence of different aqueous solutions of CNCs. The anti-biofilm activity of the same CNC solutions was tested against S. mutans and an oral microcosm model based on mixed plaque inoculum using a continuous-flow bioreactor. Results showed the excellent anti-adherent activity of the CNCs against the tested strains from the lowest concentration tested (0.032 wt. %, p < 0.001). Such activity was significantly higher against S. mutans than against C. albicans (p < 0.01), suggesting a selective anti-adherent activity against pathogenic strains. At the same time, there was a minimal, albeit significant, anti-biofilm activity (0.5 and 4 wt. % CNC solution for S. mutans and oral microcosm, respectively, p = 0.01). This makes CNCs particularly interesting as anticaries agents, encouraging their use in the oral field.
摘要：
纤维素纳米晶体（CNCs）是纤维素衍生的纳米材料，可以很容易地获得，例如，来自循环经济产生的蔬菜废物。它们显示出有希望的抗微生物活性并且没有副作用和毒性。这项研究使用体外微生物模型复制口腔环境，研究了CNCs减少微生物粘附和生物膜形成的能力。口腔感兴趣的微生物菌株的微生物粘附，变形链球菌和白色念珠菌，在存在不同CNCs水溶液的情况下，在唾液表膜涂覆的釉质盘的表面上进行评估。使用连续流生物反应器，针对变形链球菌和基于混合菌斑接种物的口腔微观模型测试了相同CNC溶液的抗生物膜活性。结果表明，CNCs对来自最低测试浓度（0.032wt。%,p<0.001)。这种活性对变形链球菌显著高于对白色念珠菌(p<0.01),表明对病原菌株具有选择性的抗粘附活性。同时,有一个最小的，尽管意义重大,抗生物膜活性（0.5和4wt。变形链球菌和口腔微观的%CNC解决方案，分别,p=0.01)。这使得CNCs作为防龋剂特别有趣，鼓励他们在口头领域的使用。
