Abstract：
Skeletal muscle has an extraordinary capacity to regenerate itself after injury due to the presence of tissue-resident muscle stem cells. While these muscle stem cells are the primary contributor to the regenerated myofibers, the process occurs in a regenerative microenvironment where multiple different cell types act in a coordinated manner to clear the damaged myofibers and restore tissue homeostasis. In this regenerative environment, immune cells play a well-characterized role in initiating repair by establishing an inflammatory state that permits the removal of dead cells and necrotic muscle tissue at the injury site. More recently, it has come to be appreciated that the immune cells also play a crucial role in communicating with the stem cells within the regenerative environment to help coordinate the timing of repair events through the secretion of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. Evidence also suggests that stem cells can help modulate the extent of the inflammatory response by signaling to the immune cells, demonstrating a cross-talk between the different cells in the regenerative environment. Here, we review the current knowledge on the innate immune response to sterile muscle injury and provide insight into the epigenetic mechanisms used by the cells in the regenerative niche to integrate the cellular cross-talk required for efficient muscle repair.
摘要：
由于存在组织驻留的肌肉干细胞，骨骼肌在受伤后具有非凡的再生能力。虽然这些肌肉干细胞是再生肌纤维的主要贡献者，该过程发生在再生微环境中，其中多种不同的细胞类型以协调的方式起作用，以清除受损的肌纤维并恢复组织稳态。在这种再生环境中，免疫细胞通过建立允许去除损伤部位的死细胞和坏死肌肉组织的炎症状态，在启动修复中起着明确的作用。最近,人们已经认识到，免疫细胞在与再生环境中的干细胞交流中也起着至关重要的作用，以通过细胞因子的分泌来帮助协调修复事件的时机。趋化因子,和增长因素。证据还表明，干细胞可以通过向免疫细胞发出信号来帮助调节炎症反应的程度，展示了再生环境中不同细胞之间的串扰。这里,我们回顾了对无菌性肌肉损伤的先天性免疫反应的最新知识,并提供了对再生小生境中细胞用于整合有效肌肉修复所需的细胞串扰的表观遗传机制的见解.
