PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Professional cycling puts significant demands on the respiratory system. Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is a common problem in professional athletes. Small airways may be affected in isolation or in combination with a reduction in forced expiratory volume at the first second (FEV1). This study aimed to investigate isolated exercise-induced small airway dysfunction (SAD) in professional cyclists and assess the impact of this phenomenon on exercise capacity in this population.
METHODS: This research was conducted on professional cyclists with no history of asthma or atopy. Anthropometric characteristics were recorded, the training age was determined, and spirometry and specific markers, such as fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and immunoglobulin E (IgE), were measured for all participants. All of the cyclists underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) followed by spirometry.
RESULTS: Compared with the controls, 1-FEV3/FVC (the fraction of the FVC that was not expired during the first 3 s of the FVC) was greater in athletes with EIB, but also in those with isolated exercise-induced SAD. The exercise capacity was lower in cyclists with isolated exercise-induced SAD than in the controls, but was similar to that in cyclists with EIB. This phenomenon appeared to be associated with a worse ventilatory reserve (VE/MVV%).
CONCLUSIONS: According to our data, it appears that professional cyclists may experience no beneficial impacts on their respiratory system. Strenuous endurance exercise can induce airway injury, which is followed by a restorative process. The repeated cycle of injury and repair can trigger the release of pro-inflammatory mediators, the disruption of the airway epithelial barrier, and plasma exudation, which gradually give rise to airway hyper-responsiveness, exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, intrabronchial inflammation, peribronchial fibrosis, and respiratory symptoms. The small airways may be affected in isolation or in combination with a reduction in FEV1. Cyclists with isolated exercise-induced SAD had lower exercise capacity than those in the control group.
METHODS: This research was conducted on professional cyclists with no history of asthma or atopy. Anthropometric characteristics were recorded, the training age was determined, and spirometry and specific markers, such as fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and immunoglobulin E (IgE), were measured for all participants. All of the cyclists underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) followed by spirometry.
RESULTS: Compared with the controls, 1-FEV3/FVC (the fraction of the FVC that was not expired during the first 3 s of the FVC) was greater in athletes with EIB, but also in those with isolated exercise-induced SAD. The exercise capacity was lower in cyclists with isolated exercise-induced SAD than in the controls, but was similar to that in cyclists with EIB. This phenomenon appeared to be associated with a worse ventilatory reserve (VE/MVV%).
CONCLUSIONS: According to our data, it appears that professional cyclists may experience no beneficial impacts on their respiratory system. Strenuous endurance exercise can induce airway injury, which is followed by a restorative process. The repeated cycle of injury and repair can trigger the release of pro-inflammatory mediators, the disruption of the airway epithelial barrier, and plasma exudation, which gradually give rise to airway hyper-responsiveness, exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, intrabronchial inflammation, peribronchial fibrosis, and respiratory symptoms. The small airways may be affected in isolation or in combination with a reduction in FEV1. Cyclists with isolated exercise-induced SAD had lower exercise capacity than those in the control group.
摘要：
背景：专业自行车对呼吸系统提出了重要要求。运动诱发的支气管收缩（EIB）是专业运动员中的常见问题。小气道可能会受到孤立的影响，或者与第一秒用力呼气量（FEV1）的减少相结合。这项研究旨在调查职业自行车运动员中孤立的运动引起的小气道功能障碍（SAD），并评估这种现象对该人群运动能力的影响。
方法：这项研究是对没有哮喘或特应性病史的职业自行车手进行的。记录人体测量特征，训练年龄已经确定，以及肺活量测定和特定标记，如部分呼出气一氧化氮（FeNO）和免疫球蛋白E（IgE），对所有参与者进行了测量。所有骑自行车的人都进行了心肺运动测试（CPET），然后进行了肺活量测定。
结果：与对照组相比，1-FEV3/FVC（在FVC的前3s中未过期的FVC分数）在EIB运动员中更大，还有那些孤立的运动诱发的SAD。孤立运动诱发SAD的骑自行车者的运动能力低于对照组。但与EIB骑自行车的人相似。这种现象似乎与较差的通气储备(VE/MVV%)有关。
结论：根据我们的数据，看来，专业骑自行车的人可能不会对他们的呼吸系统产生有益的影响。剧烈的耐力运动可诱发气道损伤,接下来是恢复性过程。损伤和修复的反复循环可以触发促炎介质的释放，气道上皮屏障的破坏，和血浆渗出，逐渐引起气道高反应，运动引起的支气管收缩，支气管内炎症，支气管周围纤维化，和呼吸道症状。小气道可能会受到孤立或与FEV1减少相结合的影响。孤立运动诱发SAD的骑自行车者的运动能力低于对照组。
方法：这项研究是对没有哮喘或特应性病史的职业自行车手进行的。记录人体测量特征，训练年龄已经确定，以及肺活量测定和特定标记，如部分呼出气一氧化氮（FeNO）和免疫球蛋白E（IgE），对所有参与者进行了测量。所有骑自行车的人都进行了心肺运动测试（CPET），然后进行了肺活量测定。
结果：与对照组相比，1-FEV3/FVC（在FVC的前3s中未过期的FVC分数）在EIB运动员中更大，还有那些孤立的运动诱发的SAD。孤立运动诱发SAD的骑自行车者的运动能力低于对照组。但与EIB骑自行车的人相似。这种现象似乎与较差的通气储备(VE/MVV%)有关。
结论：根据我们的数据，看来，专业骑自行车的人可能不会对他们的呼吸系统产生有益的影响。剧烈的耐力运动可诱发气道损伤,接下来是恢复性过程。损伤和修复的反复循环可以触发促炎介质的释放，气道上皮屏障的破坏，和血浆渗出，逐渐引起气道高反应，运动引起的支气管收缩，支气管内炎症，支气管周围纤维化，和呼吸道症状。小气道可能会受到孤立或与FEV1减少相结合的影响。孤立运动诱发SAD的骑自行车者的运动能力低于对照组。
