PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Gastrointestinal nematodes are common in grazing sheep, but the intensity of the infection is not easily appreciated by farmers. For decades, they have relied on anthelmintic treatments to control these gastrointestinal nematodes. This has led to anthelmintic resistance and poor control of infection in most regions of the world. Using face-to-face semidirective interviews with farmers, we recorded their views on gastrointestinal nematode infection and its control. Ten organic and nine conventional meat sheep farmers from central France and 20 milk sheep farmers from the Basque region were interviewed and the data were analysed using a health model based on the importance of the disease and the barriers to implementing control. It was found that gastrointestinal nematodes were not the main health concern, and therefore farmers were not willing to invest too much time and money in their control. The conventional farmers relied on their veterinarians (the experts) to organise and select the anthelmintics, although they complained about the limited investment of their veterinarians in this matter. Organic farmers complained about their lack of knowledge about complementary and alternative medicines. Farmers rarely used faecal egg counts to build control of gastrointestinal nematodes and were unaware of the intensity of their infection. Knowledge of anthelmintic resistance was general (it exists) but farmers did not know if it existed on their farm. Resistance was often considered to have come from elsewhere, so the farmer did not feel at fault and did not take measures to prevent resistance. There is a need for all stakeholders to use faecal egg counts to assess the intensity of infection as well as the level of anthelmintic resistance to establish individual farm control programmes rather than standard blanket treatments.
摘要：
胃肠道线虫在放牧绵羊中很常见，但是农民不容易意识到感染的强度。几十年来,他们依靠驱虫治疗来控制这些胃肠线虫。这导致了世界上大多数地区的驱虫药耐药性和感染控制不佳。使用与农民面对面的半指导性访谈，我们记录了他们对胃肠道线虫感染及其控制的看法。采访了来自法国中部的10名有机肉羊农民和9名常规肉羊农民以及来自巴斯克地区的20名奶羊农民，并根据疾病的重要性和实施控制的障碍，使用健康模型对数据进行了分析。发现胃肠道线虫不是主要的健康问题，因此，农民不愿意投入太多的时间和金钱来控制他们。传统的农民依靠他们的兽医（专家）来组织和选择驱虫药，尽管他们抱怨兽医在这件事上的投资有限。有机农民抱怨他们缺乏补充和替代药物的知识。农民很少使用粪便卵数来控制胃肠道线虫，并且不知道它们的感染强度。驱虫药抗性的知识很普遍（存在），但农民不知道他们的农场是否存在。通常认为抵抗来自其他地方，所以农民没有过错，也没有采取措施防止抵抗。所有利益相关者都需要使用粪便卵数来评估感染的强度以及驱虫药的抗性水平，以建立单独的农场控制计划，而不是标准的一揽子治疗。
