PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: The ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) is the primary soft tissue stabilizer to valgus stress in the elbow and is placed under this valgus stress during the throwing motion. Although there are known risk factors for UCL injury, it is unknown whether the UCL undergoes adaptive changes in athletes from different climates.
UNASSIGNED: To compare elbow stress ultrasound (SUS) findings between professional baseball pitchers from warm climates versus cold climates and assess significant differences in adaptive and morphologic changes in the UCL.
UNASSIGNED: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.
UNASSIGNED: Dynamic SUS evaluations were performed over 18 years on the dominant and nondominant arms of 643 professional pitchers from warm and cold climates as determined by the player\'s country/state of origin. Studies were compared with respect to relative UCL thickness (dominant arm vs nondominant arm), relative glenohumeral joint laxity (joint space distance under stress vs joint space distance at rest), and the presence of morphologic changes such as tears or calcifications. In addition, a subgroup analysis was performed to compare the progression of SUS findings over 3 years in players with sequential yearly data.
UNASSIGNED: Players from warmer climates had significantly greater relative UCL thicknesses than players from colder climates (1.75 vs 1.50 mm, respectively; P = .047). There were no differences between these 2 groups in terms of relative ulnohumeral joint laxity (P = .201), presence of morphologic changes (P = .433), 3-year progression of relative UCL thickness (P = .748), or relative joint laxity (P = .904).
UNASSIGNED: Professional pitchers from warm climates had a greater side-to-side difference in UCL thickness between the dominant and nondominant arms. This may be due to the potential for year-round throwing among baseball players from warm climates. There was no difference in laxity, thickness progression, laxity progression, or the presence of additional morphologic changes.
UNASSIGNED: To compare elbow stress ultrasound (SUS) findings between professional baseball pitchers from warm climates versus cold climates and assess significant differences in adaptive and morphologic changes in the UCL.
UNASSIGNED: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.
UNASSIGNED: Dynamic SUS evaluations were performed over 18 years on the dominant and nondominant arms of 643 professional pitchers from warm and cold climates as determined by the player\'s country/state of origin. Studies were compared with respect to relative UCL thickness (dominant arm vs nondominant arm), relative glenohumeral joint laxity (joint space distance under stress vs joint space distance at rest), and the presence of morphologic changes such as tears or calcifications. In addition, a subgroup analysis was performed to compare the progression of SUS findings over 3 years in players with sequential yearly data.
UNASSIGNED: Players from warmer climates had significantly greater relative UCL thicknesses than players from colder climates (1.75 vs 1.50 mm, respectively; P = .047). There were no differences between these 2 groups in terms of relative ulnohumeral joint laxity (P = .201), presence of morphologic changes (P = .433), 3-year progression of relative UCL thickness (P = .748), or relative joint laxity (P = .904).
UNASSIGNED: Professional pitchers from warm climates had a greater side-to-side difference in UCL thickness between the dominant and nondominant arms. This may be due to the potential for year-round throwing among baseball players from warm climates. There was no difference in laxity, thickness progression, laxity progression, or the presence of additional morphologic changes.
摘要：
■尺侧副韧带（UCL）是肘部外翻应力的主要软组织稳定器，在投掷运动中被置于该外翻应力下。尽管UCL损伤有已知的危险因素，尚不清楚UCL是否在不同气候的运动员中发生适应性变化。
■比较来自温暖气候和寒冷气候的职业棒球投手的肘部应力超声（SUS）发现，并评估UCL的适应性和形态变化的显着差异。
■横断面研究；证据水平，3.
■动态SUS评估是在18年的时间里对643名职业投手的主要和非主要武器进行的，这些武器来自温暖和寒冷的气候，这取决于球员的国家/原籍国。研究比较了相对UCL厚度（优势臂与非优势臂），相对盂肱骨关节松弛度（应力下的关节空间距离与静止时的关节空间距离），以及泪液或钙化等形态变化的存在。此外,我们进行了一项亚组分析,比较了3年内参与者SUS结果的进展情况和每年的序贯数据.
■来自温暖气候的玩家的UCL厚度明显大于来自寒冷气候的玩家（1.75对1.50毫米，分别为；P=0.047）。两组间的相对尺肱骨关节松弛度无差异(P=.201),存在形态学变化（P=.433），相对UCL厚度的3年进展（P=.748），或相对关节松弛（P=.904）。
■来自温暖气候的专业投手在优势臂和非优势臂之间的UCL厚度方面有更大的左右差异。这可能是由于来自温暖气候的棒球运动员全年投掷的潜力。松弛没有区别，厚度进展,松弛进展，或其他形态变化的存在。
■比较来自温暖气候和寒冷气候的职业棒球投手的肘部应力超声（SUS）发现，并评估UCL的适应性和形态变化的显着差异。
■横断面研究；证据水平，3.
■动态SUS评估是在18年的时间里对643名职业投手的主要和非主要武器进行的，这些武器来自温暖和寒冷的气候，这取决于球员的国家/原籍国。研究比较了相对UCL厚度（优势臂与非优势臂），相对盂肱骨关节松弛度（应力下的关节空间距离与静止时的关节空间距离），以及泪液或钙化等形态变化的存在。此外,我们进行了一项亚组分析,比较了3年内参与者SUS结果的进展情况和每年的序贯数据.
■来自温暖气候的玩家的UCL厚度明显大于来自寒冷气候的玩家（1.75对1.50毫米，分别为；P=0.047）。两组间的相对尺肱骨关节松弛度无差异(P=.201),存在形态学变化（P=.433），相对UCL厚度的3年进展（P=.748），或相对关节松弛（P=.904）。
■来自温暖气候的专业投手在优势臂和非优势臂之间的UCL厚度方面有更大的左右差异。这可能是由于来自温暖气候的棒球运动员全年投掷的潜力。松弛没有区别，厚度进展,松弛进展，或其他形态变化的存在。
