PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
The aim of the study was to investigate whether increased inclusion of sugar beet pulp (SBP) alters retention of fat, protein, and energy when backfat (BF) is restored in early- and mid-gestation. In total, 46 sows were fed one of four dietary treatments with increasing inclusion of SBP providing dietary fiber (DF) levels of 119, 152, 185, and 217 g/kg; sows were assigned to one of three feeding strategies (FS; high, medium, and low) depending on BF thickness at mating and again at day 30 for the following month. On days 0, 30, 60, and 108, body weight (BW) and BF thickness were measured and body pools of protein and fat were estimated using the deuterium oxide technique. On days 30 and 60, urine, feces, and blood samples were collected to quantify metabolites, energy, and nitrogen (N) balances. On days 15 and 45, heart rate was recorded to estimate heat energy. At farrowing, total born and weight of the litter were recorded. In early gestation, BW gain (P < 0.01) and body protein retention increased (P < 0.05) with increasing fiber inclusion, while body fat retention increased numerically by 59%. The increase in BF was greatest for sows fed the high FS, intermediate when fed the medium strategy, and negligible for sows fed the lowest FS (P < 0.001). Nitrogen intake, N loss in feces, and N balance increased linearly, whereas N loss in urine tended to decrease with increasing inclusion of fibers in early gestation. Concomitantly, fecal energy output and energy lost as methane increased linearly (P < 0.001), while energy output in urine declined linearly. Total metabolizable energy (ME) intake therefore increased from 36.5 MJ ME/d in the low fiber group to 38.5 MJ ME/d in the high fiber group (P < 0.01). Changing the ME towards more ketogenic energy was expected to favor fat retention rather than protein retention. However, due to increased intake of ME and increased N efficiency with increasing fiber inclusion, the sows gained more weight and protein with increasing fiber inclusion. In conclusion, increased feed intake improved both fat and protein retention, whereas increased DF intake increased protein retention.
Feeding sows sugar beet pulp (SBP) has many known benefits, for example, increased satiety and high fermentability. This study investigates the ability of the sow to utilize energy for fat retention when replacing part of starch with dietary fiber. After a demanding lactation, sows need to restore body fat, and concomitantly avoid excessive protein retention, which will increase energy demand for maintenance and risk of locomotory problems. The hypothesis in this study is that energy from fermented fibers is more efficient for fat retention than dietary starch. In the study, sows had numerically greater fat retention when fed high concentrations of fiber from SBP, but concomitantly sows unintendedly also increased their protein retention, which in turn substantially increased their body weight. Sows were allocated to one of three feeding strategies depending on their body condition score (lean, medium, or fat) in early gestation, and backfat was efficiently restored in most sows within a month. In conclusion, although gestating sows have a high capability to utilize energy from fermentable fiber, they are disposed to protein over fat retention. These aspects need to be addressed in the nutrition of modern genotype sows.
Feeding sows sugar beet pulp (SBP) has many known benefits, for example, increased satiety and high fermentability. This study investigates the ability of the sow to utilize energy for fat retention when replacing part of starch with dietary fiber. After a demanding lactation, sows need to restore body fat, and concomitantly avoid excessive protein retention, which will increase energy demand for maintenance and risk of locomotory problems. The hypothesis in this study is that energy from fermented fibers is more efficient for fat retention than dietary starch. In the study, sows had numerically greater fat retention when fed high concentrations of fiber from SBP, but concomitantly sows unintendedly also increased their protein retention, which in turn substantially increased their body weight. Sows were allocated to one of three feeding strategies depending on their body condition score (lean, medium, or fat) in early gestation, and backfat was efficiently restored in most sows within a month. In conclusion, although gestating sows have a high capability to utilize energy from fermentable fiber, they are disposed to protein over fat retention. These aspects need to be addressed in the nutrition of modern genotype sows.
摘要：
该研究的目的是调查是否增加甜菜浆（SBP）的内含物改变脂肪的保留，蛋白质，和能量时，背脂（BF）在妊娠早期和中期恢复。总的来说,46头母猪饲喂四种日粮处理之一，增加SBP提供的膳食纤维（DF）水平为：119、152、185和217g/kg；母猪被分配到三种饲喂策略之一（FS；高，中等和低）取决于交配时的BF厚度，以及下个月的第30天。在第0、30、60和108天，测量体重（BW）和BF厚度，并使用氘技术估算蛋白质和脂肪的身体池。在第30天和第60天，尿液，收集粪便和血液样本以定量代谢物，能源,和氮(N)平衡。在第15天和第45天,记录心率以估计热能。在分娩时，总出生和垃圾的重量被记录。在妊娠早期，BW增加（P<0.01）和体蛋白保留增加（P<0.05）随着纤维包涵体的增加，而体内脂肪保留量增加了59%。饲喂高FS的母猪的BF增加最大，当喂食培养基策略时，饲喂最低FS的母猪可忽略不计(P<0.001)。氮气摄入量,粪便中的氮损失和氮平衡线性增加，而尿中的N损失随着妊娠早期纤维含量的增加而减少。同时，粪便能量输出和能量损失随着甲烷线性增加(P<0.001)，而尿液中的能量输出线性下降。因此，总代谢能（ME）摄入量从低纤维组的36.5兆焦耳（MJ）ME/d增加到高纤维组的38.5MJME/d（P<0.01）。预期将ME改变为更多生酮能量有利于脂肪保留而不是蛋白质保留。然而,由于ME的摄入量增加，N效率随着纤维夹杂物的增加而增加，随着纤维含量的增加，母猪的体重和蛋白质增加。总之,增加饲料摄入量改善脂肪和蛋白质的保留，而增加DF摄入量增加蛋白质保留。
