Abstract：
Exploding population, industrialization, and an increase in water pollution has led to acute shrinkage in freshwater availability. Numerous countries have started exploring municipal wastewater as a new potential source of water to bring a paradigm shift from linearity to obtaining circularity in human water cycle management. This study aims to develop a decision support system for integrated water and wastewater management (DSS_IWWM), targeted towards reuse-focused selection of appropriate wastewater treatment technology, and localized planning around STPs in terms of reclaimed water demand identification, estimation, allocation, and sustainable pricing. The developed DSS_IWWM comprises of a repository of fourteen reuse purposes, reuse quality criteria, and 25 wastewater treatment technologies (WWTTs) in 360 combinations. It is sensitive to local resource scenarios and applies a socioeconomic and technology-focused methodology for addressing the interests of the community and investing agencies and viably. To validate the application of the DSS_IWWM, it is first tested with data from three cities in the state of Uttar Pradesh (India)-Lucknow, Prayagraj, and Agra-and then extended to nine more Indian cities with varying influent quality characteristics, resource inputs, existing STP technologies, and same target quality and decision criteria prioritization, to present a comparison of appropriate WWTTs and associated average prices obtained in different scenarios. It is concluded that influent quality, existing technology, and target quality criteria play significant role in selection of appropriate WWTTs. The traditional technologies such as UASB and ASP are required to be augmented and supplemented with high-performing WWTTs, such as BIOFOR-F with (C + F + RSF) and SBT + WP to obtain desired effluent quality. High-performing advanced oxidation process (AOP)-based systems such as A2O, SBR, and BIOFOR-F require WWTTs with relatively lower average costs (such as SBT and OP). The developed DSS_IWWM may prove to be very useful and beneficial for policymakers, government officials, engineers, and scientific community as it will facilitate rational decision-making for efficient investment planning in reuse focused wastewater treatment towards achieving circular economy in sustainable water resource management.
摘要：
爆炸的人口，工业化,水污染的增加导致淡水供应急剧减少。许多国家已经开始探索城市废水作为一种新的潜在水源，以在人类水循环管理中实现从线性到循环的范式转变。本研究旨在开发一个水和废水综合管理决策支持系统（DSS_IWWM），针对以回用为重点的选择适当的废水处理技术，以及在再生水需求识别方面围绕STP的本地化规划，估计，分配，可持续的定价。开发的DSS_IWWM包括14个重用目的的存储库，再利用质量标准，和360种组合的25种污水处理技术（WWTT）。它对当地资源情景敏感，并采用以社会经济和技术为重点的方法来解决社区和投资机构的利益。要验证DSS_IWWM的应用，首先使用来自北方邦（印度）-勒克瑙的三个城市的数据进行测试，Prayagraj,和阿格拉-然后延伸到九个印度城市，具有不同的流入质量特征，资源投入，现有的STP技术，以及相同的目标质量和决策标准优先级，提供在不同情况下获得的适当WWTT和相关平均价格的比较。结论是进水质量，现有技术,目标质量标准在选择合适的污水处理厂中起着重要作用。UASB和ASP等传统技术需要用高性能的WWTT来增强和补充，如BIOFOR-F与（C+F+RSF）和SBT+WP，以获得所需的出水水质。基于AOP的高性能高级氧化工艺系统，如A2O、SBR,和BIOFOR-F需要平均成本相对较低的WWTT(如SBT和OP)。开发的DSS_IWWM可能被证明对政策制定者非常有用和有益，政府官员,工程师,和科学界，因为它将促进合理决策，以便在以再利用为重点的废水处理中进行有效的投资规划，以实现可持续水资源管理中的循环经济。
