Abstract：
The link between technology and sleep is more complex than originally thought. In this updated theoretical review, we propose a new model informed by the growing body of evidence in the area over the past 10 years. The main theoretical change is the addition of bi-directional links between the use of technology and sleep problems. We begin by reviewing the evidence to date for the originally proposed mechanisms of bright light, arousal, nighttime sleep disruptions, and sleep displacement. Then, in support of the new direction of effect (sleep problems preceding technology use), we propose two new mechanisms: technology before sleep might be used as a time filler and/or as an emotional regulation strategy to facilitate the sleep-onset process. Finally, we present potential moderators of the association between technology and sleep, in recognition of protective and vulnerability factors that may mitigate or exacerbate the effects of technology on sleep and vice versa. The goal of this theoretical review is to update the field, guide future public health messages, and to prompt new research into how much technology and sleep affect each other, for whom it may be problematic, and which mechanisms may explain their association.
摘要：
技术与睡眠之间的联系比最初想象的要复杂得多。在这篇最新的理论综述中，在过去10年中，我们提出了一种新的模型，该模型基于该地区越来越多的证据。主要的理论变化是在技术使用和睡眠问题之间增加了双向联系。我们首先回顾了迄今为止最初提出的强光机制的证据，唤醒,夜间睡眠中断，和睡眠位移。然后，支持新的效果方向（技术使用前的睡眠问题），我们提出了两种新的机制:睡前技术可以用作时间填充和/或情绪调节策略,以促进睡眠开始过程.最后,我们提出了技术与睡眠之间关联的潜在调节者，认识到可能减轻或加剧技术对睡眠的影响的保护性和脆弱性因素，反之亦然。这一理论综述的目的是更新这一领域，指导未来的公共卫生信息，并促使人们对技术和睡眠有多大影响进行新的研究，对谁来说可能会有问题，以及哪些机制可以解释它们的关联。
