Abstract：
In its recent development, the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Water Competence (PSPWC) showed good face and construct validity. However, additional reliability and validity research is needed, including test-retest reliability and a demonstration of the relationship between PSPWEC test scores and actual water competence. Toward that aim, we administered the PSPWC to 124 children, aged 5-8 years. We repeated this test administration after one week for a subset of 55 children to determine its test-retest reliability, and the remaining 69 children also performed the fully aligned Actual Aquatic Skills Test (AAST) in an indoor swimming pool to provide data for our investigation of the relationship between PSPWC scores and actual water competence. We found good test-retest reliability, both at the global level (ICC = 0.81, n = 55) and at the level of individual skills (Weighted kappa coefficients from 0.58 to 0.90), with no significant differences between these two test scores. We also found a moderate positive relationship between PSPWC and AAST total scores (r = .64, n = 69), with no significant difference between total scores of actual and perceived water competencies. Children overestimated their competence in three specific skills: the back star, swimming on the front, and diving in deep water. While these results underline specific situations in which children\'s higher self-perceptions of their water competence are a risk factor for their water safety, these data confirm that the PSPWC is reliable for measuring children\'s perceived competencies in aquatic education and drowning prevention, and there is further support for its validity through a moderate correlation with actual water competencies.
摘要：
在最近的发展中,感知水能力图示量表（PSPWC）显示出良好的面孔和结构效度。然而,需要额外的信度和效度研究，包括重测可靠性以及PSPWEC考试成绩与实际水能力之间关系的演示。为了这个目标，我们对124名儿童实施了PSPWC，5-8岁。一周后，我们对55名儿童的子集重复了这项测试管理，以确定其测试-重测可靠性，其余69名儿童还在室内游泳池中进行了完全一致的实际水上技能测试（AAST），为我们调查PSPWC分数与实际水能力之间的关系提供数据。我们发现了良好的重测可靠性，在全球水平(ICC=0.81，n=55)和个人技能水平(加权卡帕系数从0.58到0.90)，这两个测试分数之间没有显着差异。我们还发现PSPWC和AAST总分之间存在中度正相关(r=.64，n=69)，实际和感知的水能力总分之间没有显着差异。孩子们高估了他们在三个特定技能上的能力：后星，在前面游泳，在深水中潜水。虽然这些结果强调了特定情况下，儿童对水能力的较高自我认知是他们水安全的风险因素，这些数据证实了PSPWC对于测量儿童在水生教育和溺水预防方面的感知能力是可靠的，并且通过与实际水能力的适度相关性进一步支持其有效性。
