Abstract：
Inhibitory control plays an important role in children\'s cognitive and socioemotional development, including their psychopathology. It has been established that contextual factors such as socioeconomic status (SES) and parents\' psychopathology are associated with children\'s inhibitory control. However, the relations between the neural correlates of inhibitory control and contextual factors have been rarely examined in longitudinal studies. In the present study, we used both event-related potential (ERP) components and time-frequency measures of inhibitory control to evaluate the neural pathways between contextual factors, including prenatal SES and maternal psychopathology, and children\'s behavioral and emotional problems in a large sample of children (N = 560; 51.75% females; Mage = 7.13 years; Rangeage = 4-11 years). Results showed that theta power, which was positively predicted by prenatal SES and was negatively related to children\'s externalizing problems, mediated the longitudinal and negative relation between them. ERP amplitudes and latencies did not mediate the longitudinal association between prenatal risk factors (i.e., prenatal SES and maternal psychopathology) and children\'s internalizing and externalizing problems. Our findings increase our understanding of the neural pathways linking early risk factors to children\'s psychopathology.
摘要：
抑制性控制在儿童的认知和社会情绪发展中起着重要作用。包括他们的精神病理学.已经确定，诸如社会经济地位（SES）和父母的心理病理学等环境因素与儿童的抑制控制有关。然而,在纵向研究中，很少研究抑制控制的神经相关因素与环境因素之间的关系。在本研究中,我们使用事件相关电位（ERP）组件和抑制性控制的时间频率测量来评估上下文因素之间的神经通路，包括产前SES和产妇精神病理学，以及大样本儿童中的儿童行为和情绪问题（N=560；女性占51.75%；法师=7.13岁；里程=4-11岁）。结果表明，θ功率，这是由产前SES预测的，与儿童的外化问题呈负相关，介导了它们之间的纵向和负相关关系。ERP振幅和潜伏期并不介导产前危险因素之间的纵向关联(即，产前SES和产妇心理病理学)和儿童的内在化和外在化问题。我们的发现增加了我们对将早期危险因素与儿童心理病理学联系起来的神经通路的理解。
