Abstract：
Amaryllidaceae alkaloid (AAs) biosynthesis has garnered significant attention in recent years, particularly with the commercialisation of galanthamine as a treatment for the symptoms of Alzheimer\'s disease. A significant amount of research work over the last 8 decades has focused on the understanding of AA biosynthesis, starting from early radiolabelling studies to recent multi-omics analysis with modern biotechnological advancements. Those studies enabled the identification of hundreds of metabolites, the characterisation of biochemical pathway, an understanding of the environmental stimuli, and of the molecular regulation of these pharmaceutically and agriculturally important metabolites. Despite the numerous works there remain significant gaps in understanding their biosynthesis in Amaryllidaceae plants. As such, further research is needed to fully elucidate the metabolic pathway and facilitate their production. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overall summary of the current state of knowledge on AAs biosynthesis, from elicitation of transcription factors expression in the cell nucleus to alkaloid transport in the apoplast, and to highlight the challenges that need to be overcome for further advancement.
摘要：
石豆科生物碱(AAs)的生物合成近年来受到了广泛的关注,特别是随着加兰他敏的商业化，用于治疗阿尔茨海默病的症状。在过去的80年中，大量的研究工作集中在对AA生物合成的理解上，从早期的放射性标记研究开始，到最近的具有现代生物技术进步的多组学分析。这些研究能够鉴定出数百种代谢物，生化途径的表征，对环境刺激的理解，以及这些药物和农业上重要的代谢物的分子调节。尽管进行了大量的工作，但在了解其在Amaryllic科植物中的生物合成方面仍存在很大的差距。因此，需要进一步的研究来充分阐明代谢途径并促进其生产。这篇综述旨在全面总结AAs生物合成的知识现状，从细胞核中转录因子的表达到质外体中生物碱的转运，并强调进一步发展需要克服的挑战。
