Abstract：
Exosomes-like nanoparticles (ELNs) (exosomes or extracellular vesicles) are vesicle-like bodies secreted by cells. Plant ELNs (PENs) are membrane vesicles secreted by plant cells, with a lipid bilayer as the basic skeleton, enclosing various active substances such as proteins and nucleic acids, which have many physiological and pathological functions. Recent studies have found that the PENs are widespread within different plant species and their biological functions are increasingly recognized. The effective separation method is also necessary for its function and application. Ultracentrifugation, sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation, ultrafiltration, polymer-based precipitation methods, etc., are commonly used methods for plant exosome-like nanoparticle extraction. In recent years, emerging methods such as size exclusion chromatography, immunoaffinity capture-based technique, and microfluidic technology have shown advancements compared to traditional methods. The standardized separation process for PENs continues to evolve. In this review, we summarized the recent progress in the biogenesis, components, separation methods, and some functions of PENs. When the research on the separation method of PENs and their unique biological structure is further studied. A brand-new idea for the efficient separation and utilization of PENs can be provided in the future, which has a very broad prospect.
摘要：
外来体样纳米颗粒(ELN)(外来体或细胞外囊泡)是细胞分泌的囊泡样体。植物ELN（PENs）是植物细胞分泌的膜囊泡，以脂双层为基本骨架，包裹各种活性物质，如蛋白质和核酸，具有许多生理和病理功能。最近的研究发现，PENs在不同的植物物种中广泛分布，其生物学功能日益得到认可。有效的分离方法对于其功能和应用也是必要的。超速离心,蔗糖密度梯度超速离心，超滤,基于聚合物的沉淀法，等。,是植物外泌体样纳米颗粒提取的常用方法。近年来,新兴的方法，如尺寸排阻色谱法，基于免疫亲和捕获的技术，与传统方法相比，微流体技术已经显示出进步。PEN的标准化分离过程继续发展。在这次审查中,我们总结了生物发生的最新进展，组件,分离方法,和PENs的一些功能。当PENs的分离方法及其独特的生物结构进一步研究时。将来可以为PEN的有效分离和利用提供全新的思路，前景十分广阔。
