Abstract：
The growing utilization of rare earth elements (REEs) in industrial and technological applications has captured global interest, leading to the development of high-performance technologies in medical diagnosis, agriculture, and other electronic industries. This accelerated utilization has also raised human exposure levels, resulting in both favourable and unfavourable impacts. However, the effects of REEs are dependent on their concentration and molecular species. Therefore, scientific interest has increased in investigating the molecular interactions of REEs with biomolecules. In this current review, particular attention was paid to the molecular mechanism of interactions of Lanthanum (La), Cerium (Ce), and Gadolinium (Gd) with biomolecules, and the biological consequences were broadly interpreted. The review involved gathering and evaluating a vast scientific collection which primarily focused on the impact associated with REEs, ranging from earlier reports to recent discoveries, including studies in human and animal models. Thus, understanding the molecular interactions of each element with biomolecules will be highly beneficial in elucidating the consequences of REEs accumulation in the living organisms.
摘要：
稀土元素（REE）在工业和技术应用中的应用日益广泛，引起了全球的兴趣。导致医疗诊断中高性能技术的发展，农业,和其他电子工业。这种加速利用也提高了人类暴露水平，产生有利和不利的影响。然而,稀土元素的影响取决于它们的浓度和分子种类。因此,研究具有生物分子的REE的分子机制具有科学兴趣。在当前的审查中，特别注意镧（La）的分子相互作用，铈(Ce),和Gd（Gd）与生物分子，和生物学后果被广泛解释。该调查涉及收集和评估大量科学集合，这些集合主要关注与稀土元素相关的影响，从早期的报道到最近的发现，包括人类和动物模型的研究。因此，了解每个元素与生物分子的分子相互作用将非常有利于阐明REEs在活生物体中积累的后果。
