Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms (PanNENs) are characterized by a highly heterogeneous clinical and biological behavior, making their diagnosis challenging. PanNENs diagnostic work-up mainly relies on biochemical markers, pathological examination, and imaging evaluation. The latter includes radiological imaging (i.e. computed tomography [CT] and magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]), functional imaging (i.e. 68Gallium [68 Ga]Ga-DOTA-peptide PET/CT and Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose [18F]FDG PET/CT), and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) with its associated procedures.
UNASSIGNED: This review provides a comprehensive assessment of the recent advancements in the PanNENs diagnostic field. PubMed and Embase databases were used for the research, performed from inception to October 2023.
UNASSIGNED: A deeper understanding of PanNENs biology, recent technological improvements in imaging modalities, as well as progresses achieved in molecular and cytological assays, are fundamental players for the achievement of early diagnosis and enhanced preoperative characterization of PanNENs. A multimodal diagnostic approach is required for a thorough disease assessment.
UNASSIGNED: This review provides a comprehensive assessment of the recent advancements in the PanNENs diagnostic field. PubMed and Embase databases were used for the research, performed from inception to October 2023.
UNASSIGNED: A deeper understanding of PanNENs biology, recent technological improvements in imaging modalities, as well as progresses achieved in molecular and cytological assays, are fundamental players for the achievement of early diagnosis and enhanced preoperative characterization of PanNENs. A multimodal diagnostic approach is required for a thorough disease assessment.
摘要：
■胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤（PanNENs）的特点是具有高度异质性的临床和生物学行为，使他们的诊断具有挑战性。PanNENs的诊断工作主要依赖于生化标志物，病理检查,和影像学评估。后者包括放射成像（即计算机断层扫描[CT]和磁共振成像[MRI]），功能成像（即68镓[68Ga]Ga-DOTA-肽PET/CT和氟-18氟脱氧葡萄糖[18F]FDGPET/CT），和内窥镜超声（EUS）及其相关程序。
■本综述全面评估了PanNEN诊断领域的最新进展。PubMed和Embase数据库用于研究，从成立到2023年10月。
■对PanNENs生物学有更深入的了解，成像模式的最新技术改进，以及在分子和细胞学测定方面取得的进展，是实现PanNEN的早期诊断和增强术前表征的基本参与者。全面的疾病评估需要多模式诊断方法。
■本综述全面评估了PanNEN诊断领域的最新进展。PubMed和Embase数据库用于研究，从成立到2023年10月。
■对PanNENs生物学有更深入的了解，成像模式的最新技术改进，以及在分子和细胞学测定方面取得的进展，是实现PanNEN的早期诊断和增强术前表征的基本参与者。全面的疾病评估需要多模式诊断方法。
