PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Choline and folate are critical nutrients for fetal brain development, but the timing of their influence during gestation has not been previously characterized. At different periods during gestation, choline stimulation of α7-nicotinic receptors facilitates conversion of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors from excitatory to inhibitory and recruitment of GluR1-R2 receptors for faster excitatory responses to glutamate. The outcome of the fetal development of inhibition and excitation was assessed in 159 newborns by P50 cerebral auditory-evoked responses. Paired stimuli, S1, S2, were presented 500 msec apart. Higher P50 amplitude in response to S1 (P50S1microV) assesses excitation, and lower P50S2microV assesses inhibition in this paired-stimulus paradigm. Development of inhibition was related solely to maternal choline plasma concentration and folate supplementation at 16 weeks\' gestation. Development of excitation was related only to maternal choline at 28 weeks. Higher maternal choline concentrations later in gestation did not compensate for earlier lower concentrations. At 4 years of age, increased behavior problems on the Child Behavior Checklist 1½-5yrs were related to both newborn inhibition and excitation. Incomplete development of inhibition and excitation associated with lower choline and folate during relatively brief periods of gestation thus has enduring effects on child development.
摘要：
胆碱和叶酸是胎儿大脑发育的关键营养素，但是他们在妊娠期间的影响时间以前没有被描述过。在妊娠的不同时期，α7-烟碱受体的胆碱刺激促进γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）受体从兴奋性转化为抑制性，并募集GluR1-R2受体，以加快对谷氨酸的兴奋性反应。通过P50脑听觉诱发反应评估了159名新生儿的胎儿发育抑制和兴奋的结果。配对刺激，S1、S2相隔500毫秒。响应S1的较高P50振幅（P50S1microV）评估激励，较低的P50S2microV评估了这种配对刺激范式中的抑制作用。抑制的发展仅与妊娠16周时母体胆碱血浆浓度和叶酸的补充有关。兴奋的发展仅与28周时的母体胆碱有关。妊娠后期较高的母体胆碱浓度并不能弥补早期较低的浓度。4岁时,儿童行为清单1½-5年中行为问题的增加与新生儿抑制和兴奋有关。因此，在相对较短的妊娠期间，与较低的胆碱和叶酸盐相关的抑制和兴奋的不完全发展对儿童发育具有持久的影响。
