Abstract：
Micro-nano plastics (MNPs; size <5 mm), ubiquitous and emerging pollutants, accumulated in the natural environment through various sources, and are likely to interact with nutrients, thereby influencing their biogeochemical cycle. Increasing scientific evidences reveal that MNPs can affect nitrogen (N) cycle processes by affecting biotopes and organisms in the environmental matrix and MNPs biofilms, thus plays a crucial role in nitrous oxide (N2O) and ammonia (NH3) emission. Yet, the mechanism and key processes behind this have not been systematically reviewed in natural environments. In this review, we systematically summarize the effects of MNPs on N transformation in terrestrial, aquatic, and atmospheric ecosystems. The effects of MNPs properties on N content, composition, and function of the microbial community, enzyme activity, gene abundance and plant N uptake in different environmental conditions has been briefly discussed. The review highlights the significant potential of MNPs to alter the properties of the environmental matrix, microbes and plant or animal physiology, resulting in changes in N uptake and metabolic efficiency in plants, thereby inhibiting organic nitrogen (ON) formation and reducing N bioavailability, or altering NH3 emissions from animal sources. The faster the decomposition of plastics, the more intense the perturbation of MNPs to organisms in the natural ecosystem. Findings of this provide a more comprehensive analysis and research directions to the environmentalists, policy makers, water resources planners & managers, biologists, and biotechnologists to do integrate approaches to reach the practical engineering solutions which will further diminish the long-term ecological and climatic risks.
摘要：
微纳米塑料（MNPs；尺寸<5毫米），无处不在和新兴的污染物，通过各种来源在自然环境中积累，并可能与营养素相互作用，从而影响它们的生物地球化学循环。越来越多的科学证据表明，MNPs可以通过影响环境基质和MNPs生物膜中的生物群落和生物体来影响氮（N）循环过程，因此在一氧化二氮（N2O）和氨（NH3）排放中起着至关重要的作用。然而，这背后的机制和关键过程尚未在自然环境中进行系统审查。在这次审查中,我们系统地总结了MNPs对陆地氮素转化的影响，水生,和大气生态系统。MNPs性质对N含量的影响，composition,和微生物群落的功能，酶活性，简要讨论了不同环境条件下的基因丰度和植物氮吸收。该评论强调了MNPs改变环境基质性质的巨大潜力，微生物和植物或动物生理学，导致植物中氮吸收和代谢效率的变化，从而抑制有机氮（ON）的形成并降低氮的生物利用度，或改变动物来源的NH3排放。塑料分解越快，MNPs对自然生态系统中生物的扰动越强烈。这一发现为环保人士提供了更为全面的分析和研究方向,政策制定者,水资源规划者和管理者，生物学家,和生物技术专家进行整合，以达到实际的工程解决方案，这将进一步减少长期的生态和气候风险。
