Abstract：
Alzheimer\'s and Parkinson\'s diseases are two of the most frequent neurological diseases. The clinical features of AD are memory decline and cognitive dysfunction, while PD mainly manifests as motor dysfunction such as limb tremors, muscle rigidity abnormalities, and slow gait. Abnormalities in cholesterol, sphingolipid, and glycerophospholipid metabolism have been demonstrated to directly exacerbate the progression of AD by stimulating Aβ deposition and tau protein tangles. Indirectly, abnormal lipids can increase the burden on brain vasculature, induce insulin resistance, and affect the structure of neuronal cell membranes. Abnormal lipid metabolism leads to PD through inducing accumulation of α-syn, dysfunction of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum, and ferroptosis. Great progress has been made in targeting lipid metabolism abnormalities for the treatment of AD and PD in recent years, like metformin, insulin, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) agonists, and monoclonal antibodies targeting apolipoprotein E (ApoE). This review comprehensively summarizes the involvement of dysregulated lipid metabolism in the pathogenesis of AD and PD, the application of Lipid Monitoring, and emerging lipid regulatory drug targets. A better understanding of the lipidological bases of AD and PD may pave the way for developing effective prevention and treatment methods for neurodegenerative disorders.
摘要：
阿尔茨海默氏症和帕金森氏症是两种最常见的神经系统疾病。AD的临床特点是记忆力减退和认知功能障碍,而PD主要表现为肢体震颤等运动功能障碍，肌肉僵硬异常，和缓慢的步态。胆固醇异常,鞘脂，和甘油磷脂代谢已被证明通过刺激Aβ沉积和tau蛋白缠结直接加剧AD的进展。间接地,血脂异常会增加脑血管系统的负担，诱导胰岛素抵抗，并影响神经元细胞膜的结构。异常的脂质代谢通过诱导α-syn的积累导致PD，线粒体和内质网功能障碍，和铁中毒。近年来,靶向脂质代谢异常治疗AD和PD取得了很大进展,比如二甲双胍,胰岛素，过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体（PPARs）激动剂，和靶向载脂蛋白E（ApoE）的单克隆抗体。本文综述了脂质代谢紊乱在AD和PD发病机制中的作用。血脂监测的应用，和新兴的脂质调节药物靶标。更好地了解AD和PD的脂质基础可能为开发神经退行性疾病的有效预防和治疗方法铺平道路。
