Abstract：
Prostate cancer (PCa) has become a public health concern in elderly men due to an ever-increasing number of estimated cases. Unfortunately, the available treatments are unsatisfactory because of a lack of a durable response, especially in advanced disease states. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid-bilayer encircled nanoscale vesicles that carry numerous biomolecules (e.g., nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids), mediating the transfer of information. The past decade has witnessed a wide range of EV applications in both diagnostics and therapeutics. First, EV-based non-invasive liquid biopsies provide biomarkers in various clinical scenarios to guide treatment; EVs can facilitate the grading and staging of patients for appropriate treatment selection. Second, EVs play a pivotal role in pathophysiological processes via intercellular communication. Targeting key molecules involved in EV-mediated tumor progression (e.g., proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, immune escape, and drug resistance) is a potential approach for curbing PCa. Third, EVs are promising drug carriers. Naïve EVs from various sources and engineered EV-based drug delivery systems have paved the way for the development of new treatment modalities. This review discusses the recent advancements in the application of EV therapies and highlights EV-based functional materials as novel interventions for PCa.
摘要：
由于估计的病例数量不断增加，前列腺癌（PCa）已成为老年男性的公共卫生问题。不幸的是,现有的治疗方法不能令人满意，因为缺乏持久的反应，尤其是在疾病晚期。细胞外囊泡（EV）是携带许多生物分子的脂质双层包围的纳米级囊泡（例如，核酸,蛋白质，和脂质)，调解信息传递。在过去的十年中，EV在诊断和治疗方面都得到了广泛的应用。首先,基于EV的非侵入性液体活检在各种临床情况下提供生物标志物以指导治疗;EV可以促进患者的分级和分期以进行适当的治疗选择。第二,电动汽车通过细胞间通讯在病理生理过程中起关键作用。靶向参与EV介导的肿瘤进展的关键分子(例如，扩散,血管生成,转移,免疫逃逸，和耐药性）是遏制PCa的潜在方法。第三，电动汽车是有前途的药物载体。来自各种来源的幼稚电动汽车和基于电动汽车的工程化药物输送系统为开发新的治疗模式铺平了道路。这篇综述讨论了EV疗法应用的最新进展，并强调了基于EV的功能材料作为PCa的新型干预措施。
