PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: Ethiopia is the fourth leading contributor to the global total of zero-dose children (those who lack the first dose of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis containing vaccine) and has substantial regional variations in zero-dose children. This study explored the spatial pattern of zero-dose children aged 12-35 months in Ethiopia.
UNASSIGNED: A survey was conducted in pastoralist regions, developing regions, newly-established regions, conflict-affected areas, underserved urban populations, hard-to-reach areas, internally displaced populations, and refugees. Spatial autocorrelation was measured using the Global Moran\'sIstatistic. Getis-Ord Gi* statistics was applied to calculate the spatial variability of the high and low prevalence rates of zero-dose children. The spatial interpolation technique was also applied to estimate unknown values that fall between known values. Inverse distance weighting interpolation method was used to predict the risk of zero-dose children. ArcGIS version 10.8 was used for the spatial analysis.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 3,646 children aged 12-35 months were included in the study. The spatial distribution of zero-dose children in Ethiopia was non-random (Global Moran\'sI = 0.178971, p < 0.001). According to the hotspot analysis, western, eastern and northern parts of Somali and western and central parts of Afar regions had the highest load of zero-dose children (hotspot areas) followed by the Northeastern part of Amhara and southeastern part of Oromia regions. On the other hand, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples, Sidama, and the Eastern part of the Southwest Ethiopia peoples regions were identified as cold spot areas. The spatial interpolation analysis corresponded with the hotspot analysis results where western and central parts of Afar and western, eastern and northern parts of Somali regions were identified as high-risk areas for zero-dose children. However, Addis Ababa, Dire Dawa, Harari, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples, Sidama, Southwest Ethiopia Peoples, and parts of Oromia were found to be low-risk areas for zero-dose children.
UNASSIGNED: The spatial analysis identified that zero-dose children had a significant spatial variation across the study areas. High clusters of zero-dose children were detected in Afar and Somali regions. Implementing routine and mop-up vaccination campaigns in the identified hotspot areas will help Ethiopia to improve coverage and reduce immunization inequalities.
UNASSIGNED: A survey was conducted in pastoralist regions, developing regions, newly-established regions, conflict-affected areas, underserved urban populations, hard-to-reach areas, internally displaced populations, and refugees. Spatial autocorrelation was measured using the Global Moran\'sIstatistic. Getis-Ord Gi* statistics was applied to calculate the spatial variability of the high and low prevalence rates of zero-dose children. The spatial interpolation technique was also applied to estimate unknown values that fall between known values. Inverse distance weighting interpolation method was used to predict the risk of zero-dose children. ArcGIS version 10.8 was used for the spatial analysis.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 3,646 children aged 12-35 months were included in the study. The spatial distribution of zero-dose children in Ethiopia was non-random (Global Moran\'sI = 0.178971, p < 0.001). According to the hotspot analysis, western, eastern and northern parts of Somali and western and central parts of Afar regions had the highest load of zero-dose children (hotspot areas) followed by the Northeastern part of Amhara and southeastern part of Oromia regions. On the other hand, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples, Sidama, and the Eastern part of the Southwest Ethiopia peoples regions were identified as cold spot areas. The spatial interpolation analysis corresponded with the hotspot analysis results where western and central parts of Afar and western, eastern and northern parts of Somali regions were identified as high-risk areas for zero-dose children. However, Addis Ababa, Dire Dawa, Harari, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples, Sidama, Southwest Ethiopia Peoples, and parts of Oromia were found to be low-risk areas for zero-dose children.
UNASSIGNED: The spatial analysis identified that zero-dose children had a significant spatial variation across the study areas. High clusters of zero-dose children were detected in Afar and Somali regions. Implementing routine and mop-up vaccination campaigns in the identified hotspot areas will help Ethiopia to improve coverage and reduce immunization inequalities.
摘要：
埃塞俄比亚是全球零剂量儿童（缺乏第一剂含白喉-破伤风-百日咳疫苗的儿童）总数的第四大贡献者，并且零剂量儿童的地区差异很大。这项研究探索了埃塞俄比亚12-35个月零剂量儿童的空间格局。
■在牧区进行了一项调查，发展中地区,新成立的地区，受冲突影响地区,服务不足的城市人口，难以到达的地区，国内流离失所人口，和难民。空间自相关是使用全球莫兰统计量进行测量的。Getis-OrdGi*统计量用于计算零剂量儿童高患病率和低患病率的空间变异性。还应用了空间内插技术来估计落在已知值之间的未知值。采用反距离加权插值法预测零剂量儿童患病风险。使用ArcGIS10.8版进行空间分析。
■共有3646名12-35个月的儿童被纳入研究。埃塞俄比亚零剂量儿童的空间分布是非随机的(GlobalMoran'sI=0.178971,p<0.001)。根据热点分析,西方,索马里的东部和北部以及阿法尔地区的西部和中部的零剂量儿童（热点地区）负荷最高，其次是阿姆哈拉的东北部和奥罗米亚地区的东南部。另一方面,南方国家,国籍,和人民，西达玛,埃塞俄比亚西南部的东部地区被确定为寒冷地区。空间插值分析与热点分析结果相对应，其中Afar和西部的西部和中部和西部，索马里地区的东部和北部被确定为零剂量儿童的高危地区。然而,亚的斯亚贝巴,DireDawa,Harari,南方国家,国籍,和人民，西达玛,西南埃塞俄比亚人民，奥罗米亚的部分地区被发现是零剂量儿童的低风险地区。
■空间分析确定零剂量儿童在研究区域中具有显著的空间差异。在阿法尔和索马里地区检测到大量零剂量儿童。在确定的热点地区实施常规和扫荡疫苗接种运动将有助于埃塞俄比亚提高覆盖率并减少免疫不平等。
■在牧区进行了一项调查，发展中地区,新成立的地区，受冲突影响地区,服务不足的城市人口，难以到达的地区，国内流离失所人口，和难民。空间自相关是使用全球莫兰统计量进行测量的。Getis-OrdGi*统计量用于计算零剂量儿童高患病率和低患病率的空间变异性。还应用了空间内插技术来估计落在已知值之间的未知值。采用反距离加权插值法预测零剂量儿童患病风险。使用ArcGIS10.8版进行空间分析。
■共有3646名12-35个月的儿童被纳入研究。埃塞俄比亚零剂量儿童的空间分布是非随机的(GlobalMoran'sI=0.178971,p<0.001)。根据热点分析,西方,索马里的东部和北部以及阿法尔地区的西部和中部的零剂量儿童（热点地区）负荷最高，其次是阿姆哈拉的东北部和奥罗米亚地区的东南部。另一方面,南方国家,国籍,和人民，西达玛,埃塞俄比亚西南部的东部地区被确定为寒冷地区。空间插值分析与热点分析结果相对应，其中Afar和西部的西部和中部和西部，索马里地区的东部和北部被确定为零剂量儿童的高危地区。然而,亚的斯亚贝巴,DireDawa,Harari,南方国家,国籍,和人民，西达玛,西南埃塞俄比亚人民，奥罗米亚的部分地区被发现是零剂量儿童的低风险地区。
■空间分析确定零剂量儿童在研究区域中具有显著的空间差异。在阿法尔和索马里地区检测到大量零剂量儿童。在确定的热点地区实施常规和扫荡疫苗接种运动将有助于埃塞俄比亚提高覆盖率并减少免疫不平等。
