PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Globally, hepatic cancer ranks fourth in terms of cancer-related mortality and is the sixth most frequent kind of cancer. Around 80% of liver cancers are hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC), which are the leading cause of cancer death. It is well known that HCC may develop resistance to the available chemotherapy treatments very fast. One of the biggest obstacles in providing cancer patients with appropriate care is drug resistance. According to reports, more than 90% of cancer-specific fatalities are caused by treatment resistance. By binding to the 3\'-untranslated region of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), a group of noncoding RNAs which are around 17 to 25 nucleotides long, regulate target gene expression. Moreover, they play role in the control of signaling pathways, cell proliferation, and cell death. As a result, miRNAs play an important role in the microenvironment of HCC by changing immune phenotypes, hypoxic conditions, and acidification, as well as angiogenesis and extracellular matrix components. Moreover, changes in miRNA levels in HCC can effectively resist cancer cells to chemotherapy by affecting various cellular processes such as autophagy, apoptosis, and membrane transporter activity. In the current work, we narratively reviewed the role of miRNAs in HCC, with a special focus on tumor microenvironment and drug resistance.
摘要：
全球范围内,肝癌在癌症相关死亡率方面排名第四，是第六常见的癌症。大约80％的肝癌是肝细胞癌（HCC）。这是癌症死亡的主要原因。众所周知,HCC可以非常快速地发展对可用的化疗治疗的抗性。为癌症患者提供适当护理的最大障碍之一是耐药性。据报道,超过90%的癌症特异性死亡是由治疗耐药性引起的。通过与靶信使RNA（mRNA）的3'-非翻译区结合，microRNAs(miRNAs),一组大约17到25个核苷酸长的非编码RNA，调控靶基因表达。此外，它们在信号通路的控制中发挥作用，细胞增殖，细胞死亡。因此,miRNA通过改变免疫表型在肝癌微环境中发挥重要作用,缺氧条件，酸化，以及血管生成和细胞外基质成分。此外，HCC中miRNA水平的变化可以通过影响各种细胞过程（如自噬）来有效抵抗癌细胞对化疗，凋亡，和膜转运蛋白活性。在目前的工作中,我们叙述了miRNA在肝癌中的作用，特别关注肿瘤微环境和耐药性。
