PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: Salmonella has become one of the hazards prevalent foodborne pathogens causing different diseases in chickens. However, Salmonella typhimurium (ST), a nonhost-specific serovar, is a major avian agent that causes severe disturbance in young chicken wellness.
UNASSIGNED: The occurrence of Salmonella in chickens and their antimicrobial resistance were explored in this study. In addition, the immune response of 1-day-old broiler chicks, against multidrug resistant (MDR) ST infection, was also assessed at 4 and 24 hours post infection (pi) in the cecum and spleen, representing their mucosal and systemic immune responses, respectively.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 375 samples from 130 diseased and apparently healthy broiler and layer chickens were randomly collected for Salmonella isolation, identification, and resistance profile evaluation, from farms and different clinical laboratories. The immune response of 1-day-old broiler chicks, Ross 308, against in-vivo ST infection was ascertained through the evaluation of heterophile phagocytosis and s expression of cytokines, immunoglobulin A and other immune-regulating genes in the cecum and spleen. Twenty-four, 1-day-old nonvaccinated broiler chicks were used and divided into two groups. The chicks in the infected group were orally inoculated with 0.5 ml of 2 × 108 colony forming units (CFU)/ml of MDR ST suspension, while those in the control group were taken nutrient broth.
UNASSIGNED: Seven out of 130 (5.38%) examined chickens were positive for Salmonella. All isolates (100%) were resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (AMC), cefazolin (CZ), cefoxitin (FOX), ciprofloxacin (CIP), nalidixic acid (NA), tetracycline (TE), fosfomycin (FOS), and colistin (CT) with multiple antimicrobial resistances (MARs) index range of 0.72-0.83, where none of them was resistant to meropenem (MEM). The results of immune response revealed that chicks infected with ST showed significantly different phagocytosis percentages and index values compared to controls. According to the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) results, the transcription of IL-8, iNOS, IL-18, IgA, and IFN-γ for chicks infected by ST showed a significantly increased trend (p < 0.01) with increasing chicken age and was higher in the cecum than spleen compared to controls (p < 0.05) during 24 hours after infection.
UNASSIGNED: The findings indicated a strong mucosal immune response in the chicks after the ST challenge, which reflects humoral and cellular responses. Our insight recommended the occurrence of a natural immune response stimulator at 1 day age to face the infection, and this can prevent the resistance transfer, with efficient control measures.
UNASSIGNED: The occurrence of Salmonella in chickens and their antimicrobial resistance were explored in this study. In addition, the immune response of 1-day-old broiler chicks, against multidrug resistant (MDR) ST infection, was also assessed at 4 and 24 hours post infection (pi) in the cecum and spleen, representing their mucosal and systemic immune responses, respectively.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 375 samples from 130 diseased and apparently healthy broiler and layer chickens were randomly collected for Salmonella isolation, identification, and resistance profile evaluation, from farms and different clinical laboratories. The immune response of 1-day-old broiler chicks, Ross 308, against in-vivo ST infection was ascertained through the evaluation of heterophile phagocytosis and s expression of cytokines, immunoglobulin A and other immune-regulating genes in the cecum and spleen. Twenty-four, 1-day-old nonvaccinated broiler chicks were used and divided into two groups. The chicks in the infected group were orally inoculated with 0.5 ml of 2 × 108 colony forming units (CFU)/ml of MDR ST suspension, while those in the control group were taken nutrient broth.
UNASSIGNED: Seven out of 130 (5.38%) examined chickens were positive for Salmonella. All isolates (100%) were resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (AMC), cefazolin (CZ), cefoxitin (FOX), ciprofloxacin (CIP), nalidixic acid (NA), tetracycline (TE), fosfomycin (FOS), and colistin (CT) with multiple antimicrobial resistances (MARs) index range of 0.72-0.83, where none of them was resistant to meropenem (MEM). The results of immune response revealed that chicks infected with ST showed significantly different phagocytosis percentages and index values compared to controls. According to the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) results, the transcription of IL-8, iNOS, IL-18, IgA, and IFN-γ for chicks infected by ST showed a significantly increased trend (p < 0.01) with increasing chicken age and was higher in the cecum than spleen compared to controls (p < 0.05) during 24 hours after infection.
UNASSIGNED: The findings indicated a strong mucosal immune response in the chicks after the ST challenge, which reflects humoral and cellular responses. Our insight recommended the occurrence of a natural immune response stimulator at 1 day age to face the infection, and this can prevent the resistance transfer, with efficient control measures.
摘要：
■沙门氏菌已成为引起鸡各种疾病的常见食源性病原体之一。然而,鼠伤寒沙门氏菌(ST),非宿主特异性血清变体，是一种主要的禽类病原体，会对幼鸡的健康造成严重干扰。
■本研究探讨了鸡沙门氏菌的发生及其耐药性。此外,1日龄肉鸡的免疫反应，抗多药耐药（MDR）ST感染，在感染后4和24小时（pi）在盲肠和脾脏中进行评估，代表它们的粘膜和全身免疫反应，分别。
■从130只患病和明显健康的肉鸡和蛋鸡中随机收集375份样本进行沙门氏菌分离，identification,和电阻分布评估，来自农场和不同的临床实验室。1日龄肉鸡的免疫反应，Ross308对体内ST感染的影响是通过对异源性吞噬作用和细胞因子表达的评估来确定的，盲肠和脾脏中的免疫球蛋白A和其他免疫调节基因。二十四,使用1日龄未接种疫苗的肉鸡，并分为两组。感染组雏鸡口服接种0.5ml2×108个菌落形成单位(CFU)/ml的MDRST悬液,对照组服用营养肉汤。
■在130只接受检查的鸡中，有7只（5.38％）的沙门氏菌呈阳性。所有分离株（100%）对阿莫西林-克拉维酸（AMC）耐药，头孢唑啉(CZ),头孢西丁(福克斯)，环丙沙星(CIP),萘啶酸（NA），四环素（TE），磷霉素（FOS），和粘菌素（CT）的多重耐药性（MARs）指数范围为0.72-0.83，其中没有一个对美罗培南（MEM）耐药。免疫反应的结果表明，与对照组相比，感染ST的雏鸡显示出明显不同的吞噬作用百分比和指数值。根据实时定量聚合酶链反应(RT-qPCR)结果,IL-8，iNOS，IL-18,IgA,和IFN-γ在感染后24小时内，随着鸡龄的增加，ST感染的雏鸡显示出显着增加的趋势（p<0.01），盲肠中的含量高于对照组（p<0.05）。
■研究结果表明，ST激发后雏鸡有强烈的粘膜免疫反应，反映体液和细胞反应。我们的见解建议在1日龄时发生天然免疫反应刺激器来面对感染，这可以防止电阻转移，有效的控制措施。
■本研究探讨了鸡沙门氏菌的发生及其耐药性。此外,1日龄肉鸡的免疫反应，抗多药耐药（MDR）ST感染，在感染后4和24小时（pi）在盲肠和脾脏中进行评估，代表它们的粘膜和全身免疫反应，分别。
■从130只患病和明显健康的肉鸡和蛋鸡中随机收集375份样本进行沙门氏菌分离，identification,和电阻分布评估，来自农场和不同的临床实验室。1日龄肉鸡的免疫反应，Ross308对体内ST感染的影响是通过对异源性吞噬作用和细胞因子表达的评估来确定的，盲肠和脾脏中的免疫球蛋白A和其他免疫调节基因。二十四,使用1日龄未接种疫苗的肉鸡，并分为两组。感染组雏鸡口服接种0.5ml2×108个菌落形成单位(CFU)/ml的MDRST悬液,对照组服用营养肉汤。
■在130只接受检查的鸡中，有7只（5.38％）的沙门氏菌呈阳性。所有分离株（100%）对阿莫西林-克拉维酸（AMC）耐药，头孢唑啉(CZ),头孢西丁(福克斯)，环丙沙星(CIP),萘啶酸（NA），四环素（TE），磷霉素（FOS），和粘菌素（CT）的多重耐药性（MARs）指数范围为0.72-0.83，其中没有一个对美罗培南（MEM）耐药。免疫反应的结果表明，与对照组相比，感染ST的雏鸡显示出明显不同的吞噬作用百分比和指数值。根据实时定量聚合酶链反应(RT-qPCR)结果,IL-8，iNOS，IL-18,IgA,和IFN-γ在感染后24小时内，随着鸡龄的增加，ST感染的雏鸡显示出显着增加的趋势（p<0.01），盲肠中的含量高于对照组（p<0.05）。
■研究结果表明，ST激发后雏鸡有强烈的粘膜免疫反应，反映体液和细胞反应。我们的见解建议在1日龄时发生天然免疫反应刺激器来面对感染，这可以防止电阻转移，有效的控制措施。
