Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Managing postoperative pain while minimizing opioid-related adverse drug events (ORADEs) remains a significant challenge. The OPI•AID Zone Tool is proposed as a novel clinical decision support tool that - both graphically and in a scoring-system - represents the relationship between pain management and the occurrence of ORADEs, aiming to enhance patient outcomes in postoperative care. The OPI•AID Zone Tool places pain score on the x-axis and an ORADE score on the y-axis, and stratifies patients into five zones to reflect the composite impact of pain severity and ORADEs on the quality of postoperative patient care. The study will have two key aims: (1) to explore whether the OPI•AID Zone Tool can function as a composite outcome measure for postoperative pain and ORADEs, and (2) to evaluate the use of the OPI•AID Zone Tool in visual presentations and for evaluation of patients\' postoperative pain management quality.
METHODS: This prospective observational cohort study will include 200 adults undergoing various surgical procedures in general anesthesia with a subsequent stay in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) at Bispebjerg Hospital, Denmark. Substudy 1 primary outcome: To assess whether a zone score in the OPI•AID Zone Tool is associated with patient-perceived health (EQ VAS), quality of recovery (QoR-PACU), and time to discharge readiness in PACU, and if the zone score has a stronger association than pain and ORADE score in themselves. Substudy 2 primary outcome: To assess how the use of intraoperative non-opioid analgesics impact where patients are placed in the OPI•AID Zone Tool\'s XY scatterplot right after surgery. To assess if patients who receive more comprehensive non-opioid analgesic basic regimens, generally fall into lower zones.
CONCLUSIONS: The OPI•AID Zone Tool could potentially be a valuable clinical decision-making tool for optimizing postoperative care by simultaneously addressing pain management and the risk of ORADEs. By computing a composite measure of these two critical outcomes, the tool could guide more nuanced and patient-centered analgesic regimens, potentially improving patient satisfaction and operational efficiency in postoperative settings. The tool\'s applicability will be explored in this observational pilot and followed up in a planned series of studies (opiaid.dk).
METHODS: This prospective observational cohort study will include 200 adults undergoing various surgical procedures in general anesthesia with a subsequent stay in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) at Bispebjerg Hospital, Denmark. Substudy 1 primary outcome: To assess whether a zone score in the OPI•AID Zone Tool is associated with patient-perceived health (EQ VAS), quality of recovery (QoR-PACU), and time to discharge readiness in PACU, and if the zone score has a stronger association than pain and ORADE score in themselves. Substudy 2 primary outcome: To assess how the use of intraoperative non-opioid analgesics impact where patients are placed in the OPI•AID Zone Tool\'s XY scatterplot right after surgery. To assess if patients who receive more comprehensive non-opioid analgesic basic regimens, generally fall into lower zones.
CONCLUSIONS: The OPI•AID Zone Tool could potentially be a valuable clinical decision-making tool for optimizing postoperative care by simultaneously addressing pain management and the risk of ORADEs. By computing a composite measure of these two critical outcomes, the tool could guide more nuanced and patient-centered analgesic regimens, potentially improving patient satisfaction and operational efficiency in postoperative settings. The tool\'s applicability will be explored in this observational pilot and followed up in a planned series of studies (opiaid.dk).
摘要：
背景：管理术后疼痛，同时尽量减少阿片类药物相关不良事件（ORADEs）仍然是一个重大挑战。OPI•AIDZoneTool被提出作为一种新颖的临床决策支持工具，无论是在图形上还是在评分系统中，都代表了疼痛管理与ORADE发生之间的关系。旨在提高患者术后护理的效果。OPI•AID区域工具将疼痛评分放在x轴上，将ORADE评分放在y轴上，并将患者分为五个区域，以反映疼痛严重程度和ORADEs对术后患者护理质量的综合影响。该研究将有两个主要目的：（1）探索OPI•AIDZone工具是否可以作为术后疼痛和ORADEs的复合结局指标，和（2）评估OPI•AID区工具在视觉演示和评估患者术后疼痛管理质量中的使用。
方法：这项前瞻性观察性队列研究将包括200名在全身麻醉下接受各种外科手术的成年人，随后在Bispebjerg医院的麻醉后监护病房（PACU）住院，丹麦。子研究1主要结果:评估OPI中的区域评分•AID区域工具是否与患者感知健康(EQVAS)相关,恢复质量(QoR-PACU)，以及PACU中的放电准备时间，如果区域得分比疼痛和ORADE得分本身具有更强的关联。子研究2主要结果：评估术中非阿片类镇痛药的使用如何影响患者在手术后立即放置在OPI•AIDZoneTool的XY散点图中。评估是否接受更全面的非阿片类镇痛药基本方案的患者，通常属于较低的区域。
结论：OPI•AIDZone工具可能是一种有价值的临床决策工具，通过同时解决疼痛管理和ORADE的风险来优化术后护理。通过计算这两个关键结果的综合度量，该工具可以指导更细致和以患者为中心的镇痛方案，在术后设置中可能提高患者满意度和操作效率。该工具的适用性将在该观察试点中进行探索，并在计划的一系列研究中进行跟进（opiaid。dk)。
方法：这项前瞻性观察性队列研究将包括200名在全身麻醉下接受各种外科手术的成年人，随后在Bispebjerg医院的麻醉后监护病房（PACU）住院，丹麦。子研究1主要结果:评估OPI中的区域评分•AID区域工具是否与患者感知健康(EQVAS)相关,恢复质量(QoR-PACU)，以及PACU中的放电准备时间，如果区域得分比疼痛和ORADE得分本身具有更强的关联。子研究2主要结果：评估术中非阿片类镇痛药的使用如何影响患者在手术后立即放置在OPI•AIDZoneTool的XY散点图中。评估是否接受更全面的非阿片类镇痛药基本方案的患者，通常属于较低的区域。
结论：OPI•AIDZone工具可能是一种有价值的临床决策工具，通过同时解决疼痛管理和ORADE的风险来优化术后护理。通过计算这两个关键结果的综合度量，该工具可以指导更细致和以患者为中心的镇痛方案，在术后设置中可能提高患者满意度和操作效率。该工具的适用性将在该观察试点中进行探索，并在计划的一系列研究中进行跟进（opiaid。dk)。
