Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: The prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) is rising among visual display terminal (VDT) users, a trend that correlates with the growing use of digital devices. The prevalence of VDT-associated DED is reported based on dry eye questionnaires; however, VDT\'s impact on tear film parameters is less understood.
UNASSIGNED: A review of published literature on both the alterations in tear film observed in VDT users and the impact of various interventions on their tear film.
UNASSIGNED: Most studies show reduction in tear stability as well as reduction in the blink rate. The role of lacrimal gland hypofunction in visual display terminal (VDT) users is a subject of ongoing debate. Schirmer test values typically exceed the 10 mm threshold, suggesting normal tear production, and tear osmolarity remains within normal ranges but VDT users consistently present with lower Schirmer values compared to non-VDT users. The effects on Meibomian glands and mucin levels need more research as the numbers studied are small. Very few studies have analysed mucin levels in VDT users with reports of normal or reduced values. Even asymptomatic users can have tear film instability; hence, the diagnostic criteria need to be formulated and validated. Different interventions such as neurostimulation, blink improving apps, eyelid warming devices, moist goggles, and lubricants have been explored in VDT users but without a control arm and in asymptomatic VDT users in most studies.
UNASSIGNED: The alterations have been observed on aqueous, lipid and mucin components of the tear film, although the extent of the impact is variable across studies. There is urgent need of well-designed studies for studying the tear film changes and management options for the upcoming lifestyle epidemic in VDT users.
UNASSIGNED: A review of published literature on both the alterations in tear film observed in VDT users and the impact of various interventions on their tear film.
UNASSIGNED: Most studies show reduction in tear stability as well as reduction in the blink rate. The role of lacrimal gland hypofunction in visual display terminal (VDT) users is a subject of ongoing debate. Schirmer test values typically exceed the 10 mm threshold, suggesting normal tear production, and tear osmolarity remains within normal ranges but VDT users consistently present with lower Schirmer values compared to non-VDT users. The effects on Meibomian glands and mucin levels need more research as the numbers studied are small. Very few studies have analysed mucin levels in VDT users with reports of normal or reduced values. Even asymptomatic users can have tear film instability; hence, the diagnostic criteria need to be formulated and validated. Different interventions such as neurostimulation, blink improving apps, eyelid warming devices, moist goggles, and lubricants have been explored in VDT users but without a control arm and in asymptomatic VDT users in most studies.
UNASSIGNED: The alterations have been observed on aqueous, lipid and mucin components of the tear film, although the extent of the impact is variable across studies. There is urgent need of well-designed studies for studying the tear film changes and management options for the upcoming lifestyle epidemic in VDT users.
摘要：
■在视觉显示终端（VDT）用户中，干眼症（DED）的患病率正在上升，这一趋势与数字设备使用的增长有关。VDT相关DED的患病率是根据干眼问卷报告的；然而，VDT对泪膜参数的影响了解较少。
■对VDT使用者所观察到的泪膜改变以及各种干预措施对其泪膜影响的已发表文献的综述。
■大多数研究表明泪液稳定性降低以及眨眼速率降低。泪腺功能减退在视觉显示终端（VDT）用户中的作用一直是争论的主题。Schirmer测试值通常超过10mm阈值，表明正常的泪液产生，和泪液渗透压保持在正常范围内,但与非VDT用户相比,VDT用户始终呈现较低的Schirmer值。对睑板腺和粘蛋白水平的影响需要更多的研究，因为研究的数字很小。很少有研究分析VDT用户的粘蛋白水平，并报告正常或降低的值。即使无症状的使用者也可能有泪膜不稳定；因此，需要制定和验证诊断标准.不同的干预措施，如神经刺激，眨眼改进应用程序，眼睑加温装置，潮湿的护目镜,在大多数研究中，VDT用户但没有控制臂和无症状VDT用户中已经探索了润滑剂。
■在水，泪膜的脂质和粘蛋白成分，尽管影响的程度在不同的研究中是可变的。迫切需要精心设计的研究，以研究VDT用户即将到来的生活方式流行的泪膜变化和管理选择。
■对VDT使用者所观察到的泪膜改变以及各种干预措施对其泪膜影响的已发表文献的综述。
■大多数研究表明泪液稳定性降低以及眨眼速率降低。泪腺功能减退在视觉显示终端（VDT）用户中的作用一直是争论的主题。Schirmer测试值通常超过10mm阈值，表明正常的泪液产生，和泪液渗透压保持在正常范围内,但与非VDT用户相比,VDT用户始终呈现较低的Schirmer值。对睑板腺和粘蛋白水平的影响需要更多的研究，因为研究的数字很小。很少有研究分析VDT用户的粘蛋白水平，并报告正常或降低的值。即使无症状的使用者也可能有泪膜不稳定；因此，需要制定和验证诊断标准.不同的干预措施，如神经刺激，眨眼改进应用程序，眼睑加温装置，潮湿的护目镜,在大多数研究中，VDT用户但没有控制臂和无症状VDT用户中已经探索了润滑剂。
■在水，泪膜的脂质和粘蛋白成分，尽管影响的程度在不同的研究中是可变的。迫切需要精心设计的研究，以研究VDT用户即将到来的生活方式流行的泪膜变化和管理选择。
