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Abstract：
This paper develops an outsourcing collaboration model from a firm\'s perspective operating in a developing economy. The model considers that producers of the final goods residing in a developed country, and operators of manufacturing plants in a developing country collaborate with each other. The final goods producer supplies headquarter services for the production of intermediate goods in the developing country. The operators of manufacturing plants also supply their services in the domestic economy. This arrangement leads to foreign outsourcing collaborations (FOC) between firms of developed country and developing country. The operators of manufacturing plant maximize revenue subject to the cost constraint. The first order conditions suggests that an increase in wages of skilled labor, price of domestic inputs, and cost of production deter FOC. On the other hand, an increase in demand for and price of foreign headquarter services increases the FOC. Empirical analysis based on data collected from 217 clothing (textile and apparel) firms in the city of Faisalabad (Pakistan) reveals that an increase in wage to labor-productivity ratio reduces FOC. An improvement in skilled of the labor and foreign headquarter services give rise to FOC, whereas an increase in economies-of-scope enhances FOC. Additionally, an inverted U-shaped relationship is found between the cost of production and FOC, which shows that at the initial stage, the firm\'s cost of production increases with an increase in the level of FOC, but soon after the tipping point, the firm\'s cost starts decreasing with a further increase in FOC.
摘要：
本文从企业在发展中经济中运作的角度出发，建立了外包协作模型。该模型认为，居住在发达国家的最终产品的生产者，和发展中国家制造工厂的经营者相互合作。最终产品生产商为发展中国家的中间产品生产提供总部服务。制造工厂的运营商也在国内经济中提供服务。这种安排导致发达国家和发展中国家公司之间的外国外包合作（FOC）。制造工厂的经营者在成本约束下实现收益最大化。一阶条件表明，熟练劳动力工资的增加，国内投入的价格，和生产成本决定了FOC。另一方面,外国总部服务需求和价格的增加增加了FOC。基于从费萨拉巴德市（巴基斯坦）的217家服装（纺织和服装）公司收集的数据进行的实证分析显示，工资与劳动生产率比率的增加会降低FOC。劳动力技能和国外总部服务的提高催生了FOC，而范围经济的增加增强了FOC。此外,生产成本和FOC之间存在倒U型关系，这表明在初始阶段，公司的生产成本随着FOC水平的增加而增加，但在临界点之后不久,随着FOC的进一步增加，公司的成本开始下降。
