Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Lung cancer, the second most common cancer, presents persistently dismal prognoses. Radiomics, a promising field, aims to provide novel imaging biomarkers to improve outcomes. However, clinical translation faces reproducibility challenges, despite efforts to address them with quality scoring tools.
OBJECTIVE: This study had two objectives: 1) identify radiomics biomarkers in post-radiotherapy stage III/IV nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, 2) evaluate research quality using the CLEAR (CheckList_for_EvaluAtion_of_Radiomics_research), RQS (Radiomics_Quality_Score) frameworks, and formulate an amalgamated CLEAR-RQS tool to enhance scientific rigor.
METHODS: A systematic literature review (Jun-Aug 2023, MEDLINE/PubMed/SCOPUS) was conducted concerning stage III/IV NSCLC, radiotherapy, and radiomic features (RF). Extracted data included study design particulars, such as sample size, radiotherapy/CT technique, selected RFs, and endpoints. CLEAR and RQS were merged into a CLEAR-RQS checklist. Three readers appraised articles utilizing CLEAR, RQS, and CLEAR-RQS metrics.
RESULTS: Out of 871 articles, 11 met the inclusion/exclusion criteria. The Median cohort size was 91 (range: 10-337) with 9 studies being single-center. No common RF were identified. The merged CLEAR-RQS checklist comprised 61 items. Most unreported items were within CLEAR\'s \"methods\" and \"open-source,\" and within RQS\'s \"phantom-calibration,\" \"registry-enrolled prospective-trial-design,\" and \"cost-effective-analysis\" sections. No study scored above 50% on RQS. Median CLEAR scores were 55.74% (32.33/58 points), and for RQS, 17.59% (6.3/36 points). CLEAR-RQS article ranking fell between CLEAR and RQS and aligned with CLEAR.
CONCLUSIONS: Radiomics research in post-radiotherapy stage III/IV NSCLC exhibits variability and frequently low-quality reporting. The formulated CLEAR-RQS checklist may facilitate education and holds promise for enhancing radiomics research quality.
CONCLUSIONS: Current radiomics research in the field of stage III/IV postradiotherapy NSCLC is heterogenous, lacking reproducibility, with no identified imaging biomarker. Radiomics research quality assessment tools may enhance scientific rigor and thereby facilitate radiomics translation into clinical practice.
CONCLUSIONS: There is heterogenous and low radiomics research quality in postradiotherapy stage III/IV nonsmall cell lung cancer. Barriers to reproducibility are small cohort size, nonvalidated studies, missing technical parameters, and lack of data, code, and model sharing. CLEAR (CheckList_for_EvaluAtion_of_Radiomics_research), RQS (Radiomics_Quality_Score), and the amalgamated CLEAR-RQS tool are useful frameworks for assessing radiomics research quality and may provide a valuable resource for educational purposes in the field of radiomics.
OBJECTIVE: This study had two objectives: 1) identify radiomics biomarkers in post-radiotherapy stage III/IV nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, 2) evaluate research quality using the CLEAR (CheckList_for_EvaluAtion_of_Radiomics_research), RQS (Radiomics_Quality_Score) frameworks, and formulate an amalgamated CLEAR-RQS tool to enhance scientific rigor.
METHODS: A systematic literature review (Jun-Aug 2023, MEDLINE/PubMed/SCOPUS) was conducted concerning stage III/IV NSCLC, radiotherapy, and radiomic features (RF). Extracted data included study design particulars, such as sample size, radiotherapy/CT technique, selected RFs, and endpoints. CLEAR and RQS were merged into a CLEAR-RQS checklist. Three readers appraised articles utilizing CLEAR, RQS, and CLEAR-RQS metrics.
RESULTS: Out of 871 articles, 11 met the inclusion/exclusion criteria. The Median cohort size was 91 (range: 10-337) with 9 studies being single-center. No common RF were identified. The merged CLEAR-RQS checklist comprised 61 items. Most unreported items were within CLEAR\'s \"methods\" and \"open-source,\" and within RQS\'s \"phantom-calibration,\" \"registry-enrolled prospective-trial-design,\" and \"cost-effective-analysis\" sections. No study scored above 50% on RQS. Median CLEAR scores were 55.74% (32.33/58 points), and for RQS, 17.59% (6.3/36 points). CLEAR-RQS article ranking fell between CLEAR and RQS and aligned with CLEAR.
CONCLUSIONS: Radiomics research in post-radiotherapy stage III/IV NSCLC exhibits variability and frequently low-quality reporting. The formulated CLEAR-RQS checklist may facilitate education and holds promise for enhancing radiomics research quality.
CONCLUSIONS: Current radiomics research in the field of stage III/IV postradiotherapy NSCLC is heterogenous, lacking reproducibility, with no identified imaging biomarker. Radiomics research quality assessment tools may enhance scientific rigor and thereby facilitate radiomics translation into clinical practice.
CONCLUSIONS: There is heterogenous and low radiomics research quality in postradiotherapy stage III/IV nonsmall cell lung cancer. Barriers to reproducibility are small cohort size, nonvalidated studies, missing technical parameters, and lack of data, code, and model sharing. CLEAR (CheckList_for_EvaluAtion_of_Radiomics_research), RQS (Radiomics_Quality_Score), and the amalgamated CLEAR-RQS tool are useful frameworks for assessing radiomics research quality and may provide a valuable resource for educational purposes in the field of radiomics.
摘要：
背景：肺癌，第二常见的癌症，持续令人沮丧的预后。Radiomics,一个有前途的领域，旨在提供新的成像生物标志物以改善结果。然而,临床翻译面临重复性挑战，尽管努力用质量评分工具来解决这些问题。
目的：本研究有两个目的：1）确定放疗后III/IV期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者的放射组学生物标志物，2)使用CLEAR(CheckList_for_Evaluation_of_Radiomics_research)评估研究质量，RQS(Radiomics_Quality_Score)框架,并制定合并的CLEAR-RQS工具以增强科学严谨性。
方法：进行了关于III/IV期NSCLC的系统文献综述（2023年6月至8月，MEDLINE/PubMed/SCOPUS），放射治疗,和放射学特征(RF)。提取的数据包括研究设计细节，例如样本量，放射治疗/CT技术，选定的RF，和端点。CLEAR和RQS合并为CLEAR-RQS清单。三位读者用清晰的方式评价了文章，RQS,和CLEAR-RQS指标。
结果：在871篇文章中，11符合纳入/排除标准。队列的中位数为91（范围：10-337），其中9项研究为单中心。没有确定常见的RF。合并的CLEAR-RQS清单包括61个项目。大多数未报告的项目都在CLEAR的“方法”和“开源”中，\"和RQS\"内\"幻影校准，\"\"注册登记前瞻性试验设计，\"和\"成本效益分析\"部分。没有一项研究在RQS上得分超过50%。CLEAR得分中位数为55.74%(32.33/58分),对于RQS来说，17.59%（6.3/36点）。CLEAR-RQS文章排名在CLEAR和RQS之间下降，与CLEAR一致。
结论：放疗后III/IV期非小细胞肺癌的影像组学研究表现出变异性和经常低质量的报告。制定的CLEAR-RQS清单可以促进教育，并有望提高影像组学研究质量。
结论：目前III/IV期放疗后NSCLC领域的影像组学研究是异质性的，缺乏可重复性，没有确定的成像生物标志物。影像组学研究质量评估工具可以增强科学严谨性，从而促进影像组学转化为临床实践。
目的：本研究有两个目的：1）确定放疗后III/IV期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者的放射组学生物标志物，2)使用CLEAR(CheckList_for_Evaluation_of_Radiomics_research)评估研究质量，RQS(Radiomics_Quality_Score)框架,并制定合并的CLEAR-RQS工具以增强科学严谨性。
方法：进行了关于III/IV期NSCLC的系统文献综述（2023年6月至8月，MEDLINE/PubMed/SCOPUS），放射治疗,和放射学特征(RF)。提取的数据包括研究设计细节，例如样本量，放射治疗/CT技术，选定的RF，和端点。CLEAR和RQS合并为CLEAR-RQS清单。三位读者用清晰的方式评价了文章，RQS,和CLEAR-RQS指标。
结果：在871篇文章中，11符合纳入/排除标准。队列的中位数为91（范围：10-337），其中9项研究为单中心。没有确定常见的RF。合并的CLEAR-RQS清单包括61个项目。大多数未报告的项目都在CLEAR的“方法”和“开源”中，\"和RQS\"内\"幻影校准，\"\"注册登记前瞻性试验设计，\"和\"成本效益分析\"部分。没有一项研究在RQS上得分超过50%。CLEAR得分中位数为55.74%(32.33/58分),对于RQS来说，17.59%（6.3/36点）。CLEAR-RQS文章排名在CLEAR和RQS之间下降，与CLEAR一致。
结论：放疗后III/IV期非小细胞肺癌的影像组学研究表现出变异性和经常低质量的报告。制定的CLEAR-RQS清单可以促进教育，并有望提高影像组学研究质量。
结论：目前III/IV期放疗后NSCLC领域的影像组学研究是异质性的，缺乏可重复性，没有确定的成像生物标志物。影像组学研究质量评估工具可以增强科学严谨性，从而促进影像组学转化为临床实践。
