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Abstract：
In the twenty-first century, the notion of the state and its role in innovation and development have become dominant topics of theoretical and empirical inquiry. Although contemporary innovation theorists clearly unpack the myth of market fundamentalism in industrial policy and practice of neo-liberal states, they do not seem to explain precisely how come such states have been justified to play extensive roles in the economy. This paper provides a theoretical explanation by drawing lessons from Poulantzas\' approach to the state and going beyond it to consider alternatives. Accordingly, it conceives the innovation state as a result of the social division of labour and as a condensation of conflicting social relations which have their own materiality. The paper argues that whatever form the innovation state has taken in the western world since the industrial revolution, this has remained predominantly capitalist. Thus, it reproduces the social division of labour that is exploitative and unjust, delivering most benefits of innovation to dominant classes and excluding the very poor and the marginalised. The kind of innovation state that matters for social justice is a non-capitalist one, promoting pluralism of societies of equals through innovation.
摘要：
在二十一世纪,国家概念及其在创新和发展中的作用已成为理论和实证研究的主要话题。尽管当代创新理论家清楚地揭示了新自由主义国家产业政策和实践中市场原教旨主义的神话，他们似乎没有准确解释为什么这些国家有理由在经济中发挥广泛作用。本文通过从Poulantzas的国家方法中吸取教训，并超越其考虑替代方案，提供了理论解释。因此，它认为创新状态是社会分工的结果，是具有自身重要性的冲突的社会关系的凝结。本文认为，自工业革命以来，无论创新国家在西方世界采取何种形式，这仍然是主要的资本主义。因此，它再现了剥削性和不公正的社会分工，将创新的最大利益传递给占主导地位的阶级，并排除非常贫穷和边缘化的群体。对社会正义至关重要的创新国家是非资本主义国家，通过创新促进平等社会的多元化。
