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Abstract：
Some noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) carry open reading frames (ORFs) that can be translated into micropeptides, although noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been previously assumed to constitute a class of RNA transcripts without coding capacity. Furthermore, recent studies have revealed that ncRNA-derived micropeptides exhibit regulatory functions in the development of many tumours. Although some of these micropeptides inhibit tumour growth, others promote it. Understanding the role of ncRNA-encoded micropeptides in cancer poses new challenges for cancer research, but also offers promising prospects for cancer therapy. In this review, we summarize the types of ncRNAs that can encode micropeptides, highlighting recent technical developments that have made it easier to research micropeptides, such as ribosome analysis, mass spectrometry, bioinformatics methods, and CRISPR/Cas9. Furthermore, based on the distribution of micropeptides in different subcellular locations, we explain the biological functions of micropeptides in different human cancers and discuss their underestimated potential as diagnostic biomarkers and anticancer therapeutic targets in clinical applications, information that may contribute to the discovery and development of new micropeptide-based tools for early diagnosis and anticancer drug development.
摘要：
一些非编码RNA（ncRNAs）携带可翻译成微肽的开放阅读框（ORFs），尽管非编码RNA（ncRNA）以前被认为构成一类没有编码能力的RNA转录本。此外，最近的研究表明，ncRNA衍生的微肽在许多肿瘤的发展中表现出调节功能。尽管这些微肽中的一些抑制肿瘤生长，其他人推动它。了解ncRNA编码的微肽在癌症中的作用对癌症研究提出了新的挑战，但也为癌症治疗提供了有希望的前景。在这次审查中,我们总结了可以编码微肽的ncRNAs的类型，强调最近的技术发展使微肽的研究变得更加容易，比如核糖体分析，质谱,生物信息学方法，CRISPR/Cas9。此外，基于微肽在不同亚细胞位置的分布，我们解释了微肽在不同人类癌症中的生物学功能，并讨论了它们在临床应用中被低估的作为诊断生物标志物和抗癌治疗靶标的潜力，可能有助于发现和开发新的基于微肽的早期诊断和抗癌药物开发工具的信息。
