Abstract：
There is a growing recognition that thoughts often arise independently of external demands. These thoughts can span from reminiscing your last vacation to contemplating career goals to fantasizing about meeting your favorite musician. Often referred to as mind wandering, such frequently occurring unprompted thoughts have widespread impact on our daily functions, with the dominant narrative converging on a negative relationship between unprompted thought and affective well-being. In this systematic review of 76 studies, we implemented a meta-analysis and qualitative review to elucidate if and when unprompted thought is indeed negatively associated with affective well-being in adults. Using a multilevel mixed-model approach on 386 effect sizes from 23,168 participants across 64 studies, our meta-analyses indicated an overall relationship between unprompted thought and worse affective well-being (r¯ = -.18, 95% CI [-.23, -.14]); however, the magnitude and direction of this relationship changed when considering specific aspects of the phenomenon (including thought content and intentionality) and methodological approaches (including questionnaires vs. experience sampling). The qualitative review further contextualizes this relationship by revealing the nuances of how and when unprompted thought is associated with affective well-being. Taken together, our meta-analysis and qualitative review indicate that the commonly reported relationship between unprompted thought and affective well-being is contingent upon the content and conceptualization of unprompted thought, as well as the methodological and analytic approaches implemented. Based on these findings, we propose emerging directions for future empirical and theoretical work that highlight the importance of accounting for when, how, and for whom unprompted thought is associated with affective well-being. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
摘要：
人们越来越认识到，思想往往独立于外部需求而产生。这些想法可以从回忆您的上一个假期到考虑职业目标，再到幻想与您最喜欢的音乐家见面。通常被称为精神错乱，这种频繁发生的无提示的想法对我们的日常功能产生了广泛的影响，主导叙事融合在无提示的思想和情感幸福之间的负面关系上。在对76项研究的系统回顾中，我们实施了一项荟萃分析和定性综述,以阐明无提示思考是否以及何时确实与成人情感幸福感负相关.使用多级混合模型方法对64项研究中23,168名参与者的386个效应大小进行分析，我们的荟萃分析表明，无提示的思想和较差的情感幸福感之间存在总体关系(r^=-.18，95%CI[-.23，-.14])；然而，在考虑现象的具体方面(包括思想内容和目的性)和方法论方法(包括问卷与经验抽样)。定性审查通过揭示无提示的思想如何以及何时与情感幸福感相关的细微差别，进一步将这种关系语境化。一起来看,我们的荟萃分析和定性审查表明，通常报道的无提示思想和情感幸福之间的关系取决于无提示思想的内容和概念化，以及实施的方法论和分析方法。基于这些发现,我们为未来的实证和理论工作提出了新的方向，强调了会计何时的重要性，如何,对谁来说，无提示的思想与情感幸福有关。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2024APA，保留所有权利)。
