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Abstract：
Background The objective of this retrospective study was to investigate the seasonal patterns of idiopathic facial nerve paralysis, specifically Bell\'s palsy, in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The study aimed to determine if there is a correlation between cold weather and the incidence of Bell\'s palsy, as well as to examine the relationship between age, gender, comorbidities, and the development of the disease. Methodology Data were collected from King Abdulaziz Medical City in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between 2016 and 2021. Electronic medical records of adult patients diagnosed with idiopathic facial paralysis were reviewed. Patients with facial paralysis caused by known illnesses were excluded. Demographic information, clinical characteristics, and the course of the disease were analyzed using SPSS version 25 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Results The study included 136 Bell\'s palsy patients, with a mean age of 39.9 years. Males represented 58.1% (79) of the sample, and the right side of the face was more commonly affected in 71 (52.2%) patients. The majority of patients had House-Brackmann grade III (51, 37.5%). The monthly distribution showed a higher number of Bell\'s palsy cases during the winter months, particularly December, October, and November, but the seasonal distribution did not yield a statistically significant difference in incidence. Conclusions While this study observed a higher incidence of Bell\'s palsy during the winter months, it did not establish a statistically significant correlation between cold temperatures and the onset of Bell\'s palsy in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Furthermore, the study found that Bell\'s palsy predominantly affects middle-aged males, and comorbidities did not appear to be significant risk factors for the development of the disease. This research lays the groundwork for future investigations into the relationship between weather and the pathogenesis of Bell\'s palsy in the region.
摘要：
背景这项回顾性研究的目的是调查特发性面神经麻痹的季节性模式，特别是贝尔氏麻痹，在利雅得,沙特阿拉伯。该研究旨在确定寒冷天气与贝尔麻痹的发生率之间是否存在相关性，以及检查年龄之间的关系，性别,合并症,和疾病的发展。方法数据来自利雅得的阿卜杜勒阿齐兹国王医疗城，沙特阿拉伯,2016年至2021年。回顾了诊断为特发性面神经麻痹的成年患者的电子病历。排除由已知疾病引起的面瘫患者。人口统计信息,临床特征,并使用SPSS25版(IBMCorp.,Armonk,NY,美国）。结果本研究共纳入136例贝尔氏麻痹患者,平均年龄39.9岁。男性占样本的58.1%(79)，在71例(52.2%)患者中，右侧面部更常见。大多数患者为House-BrackmannIII级（51，37.5％）。每月分布显示，冬季贝尔麻痹病例数量较多，尤其是12月,十月,11月,但是季节性分布在发病率上没有统计学上的显着差异。结论虽然这项研究观察到冬季贝尔麻痹的发病率较高，它没有建立在寒冷的温度和利雅得贝尔麻痹发作之间的统计学显著相关性，沙特阿拉伯。此外，研究发现，贝尔麻痹主要影响中年男性，合并症似乎不是该疾病发展的重要危险因素。这项研究为未来研究天气与该地区贝尔麻痹发病机制之间的关系奠定了基础。
