Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Nutritive sucking and nonnutritive sucking (NNS) may affect the craniofacial development, differently.
OBJECTIVE: We investigated associations between NNS habits (NNSHs), developing malocclusion, and various feeding practices in 3-6-year-old children.
METHODS: A sample of 350 children 3-6-year-old from various preschools were selected for this case-control study (94 with NNSH and 256 without NNSH). NNSH (outcome) and feeding practices and developing malocclusions (exposures) were assessed using a structured study tool.
RESULTS: The prevalence of NNSH in 3-6-year-old children was 26.8%. The odds (95% [confidence interval (CI)]) of boys compared to girls having NNSH were 0.66 (0.4121-1.706) (P = 0.0290). The overall prevalence of developing malocclusion in 3-6-year-old children was 34.01% out of which open bite was most commonly reported with 12.57% followed by spacing 8.5%, increased overjet 6.8%, crowding 2.2%, posterior crossbite and rotation 1.4%, and overbite 1.14%. Breastfeeding was found to be the most commonly used mode of feeding reported by 53.42% of mothers. It was found that the odds (95% [CI]) of subjects having NNSH were 0.66 (0.4694-0.9460) (P < 0.0001) who were not breastfed as compared to those who were breastfed. Among developing malocclusions, increased overjet with P = 0.0019, open bite with P = 0.0416, and spacing with P = 0.0243 were found to be associated with feeding practices.
CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of NNSH and developing malocclusions (increased overjet, open bite, and spacing) was 26.8% and 34.01%, respectively. Breastfeeding played a protective role against developing NNSH.
OBJECTIVE: We investigated associations between NNS habits (NNSHs), developing malocclusion, and various feeding practices in 3-6-year-old children.
METHODS: A sample of 350 children 3-6-year-old from various preschools were selected for this case-control study (94 with NNSH and 256 without NNSH). NNSH (outcome) and feeding practices and developing malocclusions (exposures) were assessed using a structured study tool.
RESULTS: The prevalence of NNSH in 3-6-year-old children was 26.8%. The odds (95% [confidence interval (CI)]) of boys compared to girls having NNSH were 0.66 (0.4121-1.706) (P = 0.0290). The overall prevalence of developing malocclusion in 3-6-year-old children was 34.01% out of which open bite was most commonly reported with 12.57% followed by spacing 8.5%, increased overjet 6.8%, crowding 2.2%, posterior crossbite and rotation 1.4%, and overbite 1.14%. Breastfeeding was found to be the most commonly used mode of feeding reported by 53.42% of mothers. It was found that the odds (95% [CI]) of subjects having NNSH were 0.66 (0.4694-0.9460) (P < 0.0001) who were not breastfed as compared to those who were breastfed. Among developing malocclusions, increased overjet with P = 0.0019, open bite with P = 0.0416, and spacing with P = 0.0243 were found to be associated with feeding practices.
CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of NNSH and developing malocclusions (increased overjet, open bite, and spacing) was 26.8% and 34.01%, respectively. Breastfeeding played a protective role against developing NNSH.
摘要：
背景：营养吸吮和非营养吸吮（NNS）可能会影响颅面发育，不同。
目的：我们调查了NNS习惯(NNSHs)与发展中的错牙合，以及3-6岁儿童的各种喂养方法。
方法：选择350名来自不同幼儿园的3-6岁儿童作为病例对照研究的样本（94名使用NNSH，256名不使用NNSH）。使用结构化研究工具评估NNSH（结果）和喂养实践以及发展中的咬合不正（暴露）。
结果：NNSH在3-6岁儿童中的患病率为26.8%。与有NNSH的女孩相比，男孩的几率（95％[置信区间（CI）]）为0.66（0.4121-1.706）（P=0.0290）。3-6岁儿童发生错牙合畸形的总体患病率为34.01％，其中最常见的是开放咬伤，占12.57％，其次是间隔8.5％。增加了6.8%的喷气机，拥挤2.2%，后交叉咬伤和旋转1.4%，和过咬1.14%。53.42％的母亲报告说，母乳喂养是最常用的喂养方式。发现与母乳喂养的受试者相比，未母乳喂养的NNSH受试者的几率（95％[CI]）为0.66（0.4694-0.9460）（P<0.0001）。在发展中的错牙合中，发现P=0.0019的过度喷射增加，P=0.0416的开放咬合和P=0.0243的间距与喂养方式有关。
结论：NNSH的患病率和发生错牙合（过度喷射增加，开口咬伤,和间距)分别为26.8%和34.01%，分别。母乳喂养对发展NNSH具有保护作用。
目的：我们调查了NNS习惯(NNSHs)与发展中的错牙合，以及3-6岁儿童的各种喂养方法。
方法：选择350名来自不同幼儿园的3-6岁儿童作为病例对照研究的样本（94名使用NNSH，256名不使用NNSH）。使用结构化研究工具评估NNSH（结果）和喂养实践以及发展中的咬合不正（暴露）。
结果：NNSH在3-6岁儿童中的患病率为26.8%。与有NNSH的女孩相比，男孩的几率（95％[置信区间（CI）]）为0.66（0.4121-1.706）（P=0.0290）。3-6岁儿童发生错牙合畸形的总体患病率为34.01％，其中最常见的是开放咬伤，占12.57％，其次是间隔8.5％。增加了6.8%的喷气机，拥挤2.2%，后交叉咬伤和旋转1.4%，和过咬1.14%。53.42％的母亲报告说，母乳喂养是最常用的喂养方式。发现与母乳喂养的受试者相比，未母乳喂养的NNSH受试者的几率（95％[CI]）为0.66（0.4694-0.9460）（P<0.0001）。在发展中的错牙合中，发现P=0.0019的过度喷射增加，P=0.0416的开放咬合和P=0.0243的间距与喂养方式有关。
结论：NNSH的患病率和发生错牙合（过度喷射增加，开口咬伤,和间距)分别为26.8%和34.01%，分别。母乳喂养对发展NNSH具有保护作用。
