Abstract：
Eggs are a high-quality, nutrient-dense source of protein that is available at a relatively low price and the contamination of eggs by heavy metals is an important issue in public health. This review aimed to assess the risk of heavy metal pollutants in Iranian hen eggs. Original full-text available studies in Iran, detecting levels of Pb, Cd, As, and Hg in whole or part of the egg, and published between January 2000 and March 2023 were selected based on the inclusion criteria. The random-effect model was used to estimate the pooled concentrations of Pb, Cd, As, and Hg in Iranian eggs in meta-analysis. The incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) and the target hazard quotient (THQ) were estimated by both calculation and Monte Carlo simulations to determine the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk of egg consumption, respectively. The pooled concentrations of heavy metals in Iranian hen eggs from nine articles (11 datasets: 10 studies on Pb, 7 on Cd, and 5 on As and Hg concentrations) were Pb 0.29 (95% CI 0.20-0.39) mg kg-1, Cd 0.04 (95% CI 0.03-0.06) mg kg-1, As 0.05 (95% CI 0.03-0.07) mg kg-1, and Hg 0.03 (95% CI 0.02-0.04) mg kg-1. THQ did not show the non-carcinogenic risk; however, the ILCR for Pb concentration showed the threshold carcinogenic risk (mean ILCR = 8.94e - 4 and 9.0E - 4 by calculation and Monte Carlo simulations, respectively), with the greater risk for Cd (mean ILCR = 2.02e - 2). The carcinogenic risk of Pb and Cd concentration in Iranian hen eggs shows the urgent need for programs and policies to lower the risk for consumers by providing healthier feeding.
摘要：
鸡蛋是高品质的，营养丰富的蛋白质来源可以相对较低的价格获得，并且重金属对鸡蛋的污染是公共卫生中的一个重要问题。这篇评论旨在评估伊朗鸡蛋中重金属污染物的风险。伊朗现有的原始全文研究，检测Pb的水平，Cd,As,和汞在整个或部分鸡蛋中，并在2000年1月至2023年3月期间出版，是根据纳入标准选择的。随机效应模型用于估计铅的合并浓度，Cd,As,在荟萃分析中，伊朗鸡蛋中的汞。通过计算和蒙特卡罗模拟估计了终生癌症风险（ILCR）和目标风险商（THQ），以确定食用鸡蛋的致癌和非致癌风险。分别。来自9篇文章的伊朗鸡蛋中重金属的汇总浓度（11个数据集：10个关于Pb的研究，7在Cd上，As和Hg浓度为5）为Pb0.29（95％CI0.20-0.39）mgkg-1，Cd0.04（95％CI0.03-0.06）mgkg-1，As0.05（95％CI0.03-0.07）mgkg-1和0.03Hg（95％CI0.02-0.04）mgkg-1。THQ没有显示非致癌风险；然而，Pb浓度的ILCR显示了阈值致癌风险(通过计算和蒙特卡罗模拟，平均ILCR=8.94e-4和9.0E-4，分别)，与Cd的风险更大(平均ILCR=2.02e-2)。伊朗鸡蛋中Pb和Cd浓度的致癌风险表明，迫切需要制定计划和政策，通过提供更健康的喂养来降低消费者的风险。
