Abstract：
Yeast is an excellent model organism for research for regulating aging and lifespan, and the studies have made many contributions to date, including identifying various factors and signaling pathways related to aging and lifespan. More than 20 years have passed since molecular biological perspectives are adopted in this research field, and intracellular factors and signal pathways that control aging and lifespan have evolutionarily conserved from yeast to mammals. Furthermore, these findings have been applied to control the aging and lifespan of various model organisms by adjustment of the nutritional environment, genetic manipulation, and drug treatment using low-molecular weight compounds. Among these, drug treatment is easier than the other methods, and research into drugs that regulate aging and lifespan is consequently expected to become more active. Chronological lifespan, a definition of yeast lifespan, refers to the survival period of a cell population under nondividing conditions. Herein, low-molecular weight compounds are summarized that extend the chronological lifespan of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe, along with their intracellular functions. The low-molecular weight compounds are also discussed that extend the lifespan of other model organisms. Compounds that have so far only been studied in yeast may soon extend lifespan in other organisms.
摘要：
酵母是研究调节衰老和寿命的优秀模式生物，到目前为止，这些研究做出了许多贡献，包括确定与衰老和寿命相关的各种因素和信号通路。自从分子生物学观点在这一研究领域被采用以来，已经过去了20多年，从酵母到哺乳动物，控制衰老和寿命的细胞内因子和信号通路在进化上是保守的。此外，这些发现已应用于通过调整营养环境来控制各种模式生物的衰老和寿命，遗传操作,和使用低分子量化合物的药物治疗。其中,药物治疗比其他方法更容易，因此，对调节衰老和寿命的药物的研究将变得更加活跃。按时间顺序排列的寿命，酵母寿命的定义，是指细胞群体在非分裂条件下的存活期。在这里，总结了低分子量化合物可以延长酿酒酵母和裂殖酵母的时间寿命，以及它们的细胞内功能。还讨论了延长其他模型生物寿命的低分子量化合物。迄今为止仅在酵母中研究的化合物可能很快会延长其他生物体的寿命。
