Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Reliable assessment of individuals with Parkinson\'s disease (PD) is essential for providing adequate treatment. Clinical assessment is a complex and time-consuming task, especially for bradykinesia, since its evaluation can be influenced by the degree of experience of the examiner, patient collaboration and individual bias. Improvement of the clinical evaluation can be obtained by considering assessments from several professionals. However, this is only true when inter and intra-rater agreement are high. Recently, the Movement Disorder Society highlighted, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the need to develop and validate technologies for remote assessment of the motor status of people with PD. Thus, this study introduces an objective strategy for the remote evaluation of bradykinesia using multi-specialist analysis.
METHODS: Twelve volunteers with PD participated and these were asked to execute finger tapping, hand opening/closing and pronation/supination movements. Each task was recorded and rated by fourteen PD health experts for each patient. The scores were assessed on an individual basis. Intra and inter-rater agreement and correlation were estimated.
RESULTS: The results showed that agreements and correlations between experienced examiners were high with low variability. In addition, group analysis was noted as possessing the potential to solve individual inconsistency bias.
CONCLUSIONS: Furthermore, this study demonstrated the need for a group with prior training and experience, along with indicating the importance for the development of a clinical protocol that can use telemedicine for the evaluation of individuals with PD, as well as the inclusion of a specialized mediating group. In Addition, this research helps to the development of a valid remote assessment of bradykinesia.
METHODS: Twelve volunteers with PD participated and these were asked to execute finger tapping, hand opening/closing and pronation/supination movements. Each task was recorded and rated by fourteen PD health experts for each patient. The scores were assessed on an individual basis. Intra and inter-rater agreement and correlation were estimated.
RESULTS: The results showed that agreements and correlations between experienced examiners were high with low variability. In addition, group analysis was noted as possessing the potential to solve individual inconsistency bias.
CONCLUSIONS: Furthermore, this study demonstrated the need for a group with prior training and experience, along with indicating the importance for the development of a clinical protocol that can use telemedicine for the evaluation of individuals with PD, as well as the inclusion of a specialized mediating group. In Addition, this research helps to the development of a valid remote assessment of bradykinesia.
摘要：
背景：对帕金森病（PD）患者进行可靠评估对于提供适当的治疗至关重要。临床评估是一项复杂而耗时的任务,尤其是运动迟缓,因为它的评估会受到考官经验程度的影响，患者合作和个体偏见。可以通过考虑来自几个专业人员的评估来获得临床评估的改进。然而,只有当评估者之间和内部的协议很高时，这才是正确的。最近,运动障碍协会强调，在COVID-19大流行期间，需要开发和验证远程评估PD患者运动状态的技术。因此，本研究采用多专家分析远程评估运动迟缓的客观策略.
方法：参加了12名PD志愿者，他们被要求进行手指敲击，手打开/闭合和内旋/旋后动作。每个任务由14位PD健康专家为每个患者进行记录和评级。分数是在个人基础上评估的。评估者内部和评估者之间的一致性和相关性进行了估计。
结果：结果表明，经验丰富的审查员之间的一致性和相关性很高，变异性低。此外,小组分析被认为具有解决个体不一致偏差的潜力.
结论：此外，这项研究表明，需要一个有事先培训和经验的小组，同时指出了开发可以使用远程医疗评估PD患者的临床方案的重要性，以及包括一个专门的调解小组。此外，这项研究有助于对运动迟缓进行有效的远程评估。
方法：参加了12名PD志愿者，他们被要求进行手指敲击，手打开/闭合和内旋/旋后动作。每个任务由14位PD健康专家为每个患者进行记录和评级。分数是在个人基础上评估的。评估者内部和评估者之间的一致性和相关性进行了估计。
结果：结果表明，经验丰富的审查员之间的一致性和相关性很高，变异性低。此外,小组分析被认为具有解决个体不一致偏差的潜力.
结论：此外，这项研究表明，需要一个有事先培训和经验的小组，同时指出了开发可以使用远程医疗评估PD患者的临床方案的重要性，以及包括一个专门的调解小组。此外，这项研究有助于对运动迟缓进行有效的远程评估。
