Abstract：
Bone remodeling is the balance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Bone diseases such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis are associated with imbalanced bone remodeling. Skeletal injury leads to limited motor function and pain. Neurophilin was initially identified in axons, and its various ligands and roles in bone remodeling, angiogenesis, neuropathic pain and immune regulation were later discovered. Neurophilin promotes osteoblast mineralization and inhibits osteoclast differentiation and its function. Neuropolin-1 provides channels for immune cell chemotaxis and cytokine diffusion and leads to pain. Neuropolin-1 regulates the proportion of T helper type 17 (Th17) and regulatory T cells (Treg cells), and affects bone immunity. Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) combine with neuropilin and promote angiogenesis. Class 3 semaphorins (Sema3a) compete with VEGF to bind neuropilin, which reduces angiogenesis and rejects sympathetic nerves. This review elaborates on the structure and general physiological functions of neuropilin and summarizes the role of neuropilin and its ligands in bone and cartilage diseases. Finally, treatment strategies and future research directions based on neuropilin are proposed.
摘要：
骨重塑是成骨细胞和破骨细胞之间的平衡。骨疾病如骨质疏松症和骨关节炎与不平衡的骨重建有关。骨骼损伤导致有限的运动功能和疼痛。神经亲素最初是在轴突中发现的，以及它的各种配体和在骨重建、血管生成中的作用，后来发现了神经性疼痛和免疫调节。Neurophilin促进成骨细胞矿化并抑制破骨细胞分化及其功能。Neuropolin-1为免疫细胞趋化和细胞因子扩散提供通道并导致疼痛。Neuropolin-1调节17型T辅助细胞（Th17）和调节性T细胞（Treg细胞）的比例，影响骨骼免疫力.血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）与神经纤毛蛋白结合并促进血管生成。3类信号蛋白（Sema3a）与VEGF竞争结合神经纤毛蛋白，减少血管生成并排斥交感神经。本文综述了神经纤毛素的结构和一般生理功能,并对神经纤毛素及其配体在骨软骨疾病中的作用进行了综述。最后,提出了基于神经纤毛素的治疗策略和未来的研究方向。
