PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Salt is frequently introduced in ecosystems, where it acts as a pollutant. This study examined how changes in salinity affect the survival and development of zebrafish from the two-cell to the blastocyst stage and from the blastocyst to the larval stage. Control zebrafish embryos were cultured in E3 medium containing 5 mM Sodium Chloride (NaCl), 0.17 mM Potassium Chloride (KCL), 0.33 mM Calcium Chloride (CaCl2), and 0.33 mM Magnesium Sulfade (MgSO4). Experiments were conducted using increasing concentrations of each individual salt at 5×, 10×, 50×, and 100× the concentration found in E3 medium. KCL, CaCl2, and MgSO4 did not result in lethal abnormalities and did not affect early embryo growth at any of the concentrations tested. Concentrations of 50× and 100× NaCl caused embryonic death in both stages of development. Concentrations of 5× and 10× NaCl resulted in uninflated swim bladders in 12% and 65% of larvae, compared to 4.2% of controls, and caused 1654 and 2628 genes to be differentially expressed in blastocysts, respectively. The ATM signaling pathway was affected, and the Sonic Hedgehog pathway genes Shh and Ptc1 implicated in swim bladder development were downregulated. Our findings suggest that increased NaCl concentrations may alter gene expression and cause developmental abnormalities in animals found in affected ecosystems.
摘要：
盐经常被引入生态系统，它充当污染物。这项研究研究了盐度的变化如何影响斑马鱼从两细胞到囊胚阶段以及从囊胚到幼虫阶段的生存和发育。对照斑马鱼胚胎在含有5mM氯化钠(NaCl)的E3培养基中培养,0.17mM氯化钾（KCL），0.33mM氯化钙（CaCl2），和0.33mM硫酸镁(MgSO4)。实验是使用增加浓度的每种盐在5×，10×,50×,和100×E3培养基中的浓度。KCL,CaCl2和MgSO4在任何测试浓度下都不会导致致命的异常，也不会影响早期胚胎的生长。50×和100×NaCl的浓度在两个发育阶段均导致胚胎死亡。5×和10×NaCl的浓度导致12％和65％的幼虫的游泳膀胱未膨胀，与4.2%的对照组相比，并导致1654和2628个基因在胚泡中差异表达，分别。ATM信号通路受到影响,与膀胱发育有关的SonicHedgehog通路基因Shh和Ptc1下调。我们的发现表明，NaCl浓度增加可能会改变基因表达并导致受影响生态系统中动物的发育异常。
