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Abstract：
In this paper we would like to highlight the problems of conceiving the \"Hydrogen Bond\" (HB) as a real short-range, directional, electrostatic, attractive interaction and to reframe its nature through the non-approximated view of condensed matter offered by a Quantum Electro-Dynamic (QED) perspective. We focus our attention on water, as the paramount case to show the effectiveness of this 40-year-old theoretical background, which represents water as a two-fluid system (where one of the two phases is coherent). The HB turns out to be the result of the electromagnetic field gradient in the coherent phase of water, whose vacuum level is lower than in the non-coherent (gas-like) fraction. In this way, the HB can be properly considered, i.e., no longer as a \"dipolar force\" between molecules, but as the phenomenological effect of their collective thermodynamic tendency to occupy a lower ground state, compatible with temperature and pressure. This perspective allows to explain many \"anomalous\" behaviours of water and to understand why the calculated energy associated with the HB should change when considering two molecules (water-dimer), or the liquid state, or the different types of ice. The appearance of a condensed, liquid, phase at room temperature is indeed the consequence of the boson condensation as described in the context of spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB). For a more realistic and authentic description of water, condensed matter and living systems, the transition from a still semi-classical Quantum Mechanical (QM) view in the first quantization to a Quantum Field Theory (QFT) view embedded in the second quantization is advocated.
摘要：
在本文中，我们想强调将“氢键”（HB）视为真正的短程，定向,静电,有吸引力的相互作用，并通过量子电动力学（QED）视角提供的凝聚态物质的非近似视图来重构其性质。我们把注意力集中在水上，作为证明这个40年理论背景有效性的最重要案例，它将水表示为双流体系统（其中两相之一是相干的）。HB是水的相干相中的电磁场梯度的结果，其真空度低于非相干（类气体）部分。这样,HB可以适当考虑，即，不再是分子之间的“偶极力”，但是由于它们的集体热力学倾向占据较低的基态的现象学效应，与温度和压力兼容。这种观点可以解释水的许多“异常”行为，并理解为什么当考虑两个分子（水二聚体）时，与HB相关的计算能量应该改变。或者液体状态，或者不同类型的冰。一个浓缩的外观，液体,室温下的相确实是玻色子冷凝的结果，如在自发对称破坏（SSB）的背景下所述。为了对水进行更真实和真实的描述，凝聚态物质和生命系统，主张从第一次量化中的半经典量子力学（QM）视图过渡到第二次量化中嵌入的量子场论（QFT）视图。
