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Abstract：
Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) are a group of anthropogenic chemicals used in a range of industrial processes and consumer products. Recently, their ubiquitous presence in the environment as well as their toxicological effects in humans have gained relevant attention. Although the occurrence of PFASs is widely investigated in scientific community, the standardization of analytical method for all matrices still remains an important issue. In this review, we discussed extraction and detection methods in depth to evaluate the best procedures of PFAS identification in terms of analytical parameters (e.g., limits of detection (LODs), limits of quantification (LOQs), recoveries). Extraction approaches based on liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), alkaline digestion, and solid phase extraction (SPE), followed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis are the main analytical methods applied in the literature. The results showed detectable recoveries of PFOA and PFOS in meat, milk, vegetables, eggs products (90.6-101.2% and of 89.2-98.4%), and fish (96-108%). Furthermore, the low LOD and LOQ values obtained for meat (0.00592-0.01907 ng g-1; 0.050 ng g-1), milk (0.003-0.009 ng g-1; 0.010-0.027 ng g-1), fruit (0.002-0.009 ng g-1; 0.006-0.024 ng g-1), and fish (0.00369-0.017.33 ng g-1; 0.05 ng g-1) also confirmed the effectiveness of the recent quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method (QuEChERS) for simple, speedy, and sensitive ultra-trace PFAS analysis.
摘要：
全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）是一组用于一系列工业过程和消费品的人为化学品。最近,它们在环境中无处不在，以及它们在人类中的毒理学作用已经得到了相关的关注。尽管PFAS的发生在科学界得到了广泛的研究,所有矩阵分析方法的标准化仍然是一个重要的问题。在这次审查中,我们深入讨论了提取和检测方法，以根据分析参数评估PFAS鉴定的最佳程序(例如，检测限（LODs），定量限(LOQ)，回收)。基于液-液萃取（LLE）的萃取方法，碱性消化，和固相萃取（SPE），其次是液相色谱-质谱(LC-MS)和气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析是文献中应用的主要分析方法。结果表明，肉类中PFOA和PFOS的可检测回收率，牛奶，蔬菜,鸡蛋产品（90.6-101.2%和89.2-98.4%），鱼（96-108％）。此外，肉类的低LOD和LOQ值（0.00592-0.01907ngg-1；0.050ngg-1），牛奶（0.003-0.009ngg-1；0.010-0.027ngg-1），水果（0.002-0.009ngg-1；0.006-0.024ngg-1），和鱼（0.00369-0.017.33ngg-1;0.05ngg-1）也证实了近期快速，easy,便宜,有效,崎岖,和安全方法(QuEChERS)的简单，speedy,和灵敏的超痕量PFAS分析。
