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Abstract：
Background/Objectives: Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is an understudied psychiatric condition affecting reproductive-age women who experience negative mood in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Cognitive functions in PMDD are not well understood as patients have been tested in the luteal phase. This may confound study results due to noted emotional interferences, as well as the potential opposing effects of the sex hormones estradiol and progesterone. In the present study, we evaluated visuospatial function in the follicular phase in women with PMDD and healthy controls, and further examined the effect of estradiol as research into the hormonal mediation of visuospatial function in reproductive-age women has produced mixed results. Methods: To this end, we analyzed estradiol concentrations using the gold standard mass spectrometry. Serum samples were collected in the early follicular and mid/late follicular subphases when estradiol is low and high, respectively, while progesterone is low and steady. We assessed visuospatial function using the classic mental rotation task. Results: Women with PMDD had a higher mental rotation total score (t = 2.17; p < 0.05). The addition of six demographic, biological, and anthropomorphic variables in a hierarchical fashion accounted for 45.3% of the total variance in the final model with diagnosis remaining statistically significant (t = 4.36; p < 0.001). Estradiol did not mediate the group difference and was not significantly associated with visuospatial function. Conclusions: The present results provide support for new research directions into the potential biological mechanisms that underlie the pathophysiology of PMDD, represented as enhanced visuospatial ability in women with PMDD in the follicular phase. We review the theory that PMDD is a disorder of the enhanced excitation-to-inhibition ratio, with a focus on findings to date from brain imaging research.
摘要：
背景/目标：经前烦躁不安症（PMDD）是一种未被研究的精神疾病，影响在月经周期的黄体期出现负面情绪的育龄妇女。PMDD的认知功能尚未得到很好的理解，因为患者已在黄体期进行了测试。由于注意到的情绪干扰，这可能会混淆研究结果，以及性激素雌二醇和孕酮的潜在相反作用。在本研究中,我们评估了PMDD女性和健康对照的卵泡期的视觉空间功能，并进一步检查了雌二醇的作用，因为对生殖年龄女性视觉空间功能的激素介导的研究产生了不同的结果。方法：为此，我们使用金标准质谱分析雌二醇浓度。当雌二醇低和高时，在卵泡早期和卵泡中期/晚期亚阶段收集血清样本，分别,而孕酮较低且稳定。我们使用经典的心理旋转任务评估视觉空间功能。结果：PMDD患者的心理旋转总分较高（t=2.17；p<0.05）。增加了六个人口统计，生物，在最终模型中，以分层方式的拟人化变量占总方差的45.3％，诊断仍然具有统计学意义（t=4.36；p<0.001）。雌二醇不能介导组差异，并且与视觉空间功能没有显着相关。结论：本研究结果为PMDD病理生理学基础的潜在生物学机制的新研究方向提供了支持。表现为卵泡期PMDD女性的视觉空间能力增强。我们回顾了PMDD是一种兴奋抑制比增强的无序理论，重点是迄今为止来自脑成像研究的发现。
