Abstract：
Adenomyosis (AM) is a common gynecological disorder characterized by the presence of endometrial glands and stroma within the uterine myometrium. It is associated with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), dysmenorrhea, and infertility. Although several mechanisms have been proposed to elucidate AM, the exact cause and development of the condition remain unclear. Recent studies have highlighted the significance of macrophage polarization in the microenvironment, which plays a crucial role in AM initiation and progression. However, a comprehensive review regarding the role and regulatory mechanism of macrophage polarization in AM is currently lacking. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the phenotype and function of macrophage polarization and the phenomenon of the polarization of adenomyosis-associated macrophages (AAMs). It also elaborates on the role and regulatory mechanism of AAM polarization in invasion/migration, fibrosis, angiogenesis, dysmenorrhea, and infertility. Furthermore, this review explores the underlying molecular mechanisms of AAM polarization and suggests future research directions. In conclusion, this review provides a new perspective on understanding the pathogenesis of AM and provides a theoretical foundation for developing targeted drugs through the regulation of AAM polarization.
摘要：
子宫腺肌病（AM）是一种常见的妇科疾病，其特征是子宫肌层内存在子宫内膜腺体和基质。它与异常子宫出血（AUB）有关，痛经,和不孕症。尽管已经提出了几种机制来阐明AM，该疾病的确切原因和发展仍不清楚。最近的研究强调了微环境中巨噬细胞极化的重要性，在AM的启动和进展中起着至关重要的作用。然而,目前缺乏关于巨噬细胞极化在AM中的作用和调节机制的全面综述。因此,本文旨在总结巨噬细胞极化的表型和功能以及子宫腺肌病相关巨噬细胞（AAMs）的极化现象。阐述了AAM极化在入侵/迁移中的作用及调控机制,纤维化，血管生成,痛经,和不孕症。此外，这篇综述探讨了AAM极化的潜在分子机制，并提出了未来的研究方向。总之,本综述为理解AM的发病机制提供了新的视角，为开发通过调节AAM极化的靶向药物提供了理论基础。
