PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Phenotypic diversity, especially that of facial morphology, has not been fully investigated in the Han Chinese, which is the largest ethnic group in the world. In this study, we systematically analyzed a total of 14,838 facial traits representing 15 categories with both a large-scale three-dimensional (3D) manual landmarking database and computer-aided facial segmented phenotyping in 2379 Han Chinese individuals. Our results illustrate that homogeneous and heterogeneous facial morphological traits exist among Han Chinese populations across the three geographical regions: Zhengzhou, Taizhou, and Nanning. We identified 1560 shared features from extracted phenotypes, which characterized well the basic facial morphology of the Han Chinese. In particular, heterogeneous phenotypes showing population structures corresponded to geographical subpopulations. The greatest facial variation among these geographical populations was the angle of glabella, left subalare, and right cheilion (p = 3.4 × 10-161). Interestingly, we found that Han Chinese populations could be classified into northern Han, central Han, and southern Han at the phenotypic level, and the facial morphological variation pattern of central Han Chinese was between the typical differentiation of northern and southern Han Chinese. This result was highly consistent with the results revealed by the genetic data. These findings provide new insights into the analysis of multidimensional phenotypes as well as a valuable resource for further facial phenotype-genotype association studies in Han Chinese and East Asian populations.
UNASSIGNED: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43657-023-00109-x.
UNASSIGNED: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43657-023-00109-x.
摘要：
表型多样性，尤其是面部形态，在汉族人中没有得到充分的调查，这是世界上最大的民族。在这项研究中,我们利用大规模三维(3D)手动界标数据库和计算机辅助面部分段表型分析,在2379名中国汉族人群中,系统分析了总共14,838个代表15个类别的面部特征.我们的结果表明，在三个地理区域的汉族人群中存在同质和异质面部形态特征：郑州，台州,和南宁。我们从提取的表型中鉴定出1560个共有特征，很好地表征了汉族的基本面部形态。特别是,显示种群结构的异质表型对应于地理亚群。在这些地理人群中，最大的面部差异是glabella的角度，左半拉雷，和右cheilion(p=3.4×10-161)。有趣的是,我们发现汉族人口可以分为北方汉族，汉中部，和南方汉族在表型水平上，中部汉族的面部形态变异模式介于南北汉族的典型分化之间。该结果与遗传数据揭示的结果高度一致。这些发现为多维表型的分析提供了新的见解，也为汉族和东亚人群中进一步的面部表型-基因型关联研究提供了宝贵的资源。
■在线版本包含补充材料，可在10.1007/s43657-023-00109-x获得。
■在线版本包含补充材料，可在10.1007/s43657-023-00109-x获得。
