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Abstract：
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) modulates local and widespread connectivity in dysfunctional networks. Positive results are observed in several patient populations; however, the precise mechanisms underlying treatment remain unknown. Translational DBS studies aim to answer these questions and provide knowledge for advancing the field. Here, we systematically review the literature on DBS studies involving models of neurological, developmental and neuropsychiatric disorders to provide a synthesis of the current scientific landscape surrounding this topic. A systematic analysis of the literature was performed following PRISMA guidelines. 407 original articles were included. Data extraction focused on study characteristics, including stimulation protocol, behavioural outcomes, and mechanisms of action. The number of articles published increased over the years, including 16 rat models and 13 mouse models of transgenic or healthy animals exposed to external factors to induce symptoms. Most studies targeted telencephalic structures with varying stimulation settings. Positive behavioural outcomes were reported in 85.8% of the included studies. In models of psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders, DBS-induced effects were associated with changes in monoamines and neuronal activity along the mesocorticolimbic circuit. For movement disorders, DBS improves symptoms via modulation of the striatal dopaminergic system. In dementia and epilepsy models, changes to cellular and molecular aspects of the hippocampus were shown to underlie symptom improvement. Despite limitations in translating findings from preclinical to clinical settings, rodent studies have contributed substantially to our current knowledge of the pathophysiology of disease and DBS mechanisms. Direct inhibition/excitation of neural activity, whereby DBS modulates pathological oscillatory activity within brain networks, is among the major theories of its mechanism. However, there remain fundamental questions on mechanisms, optimal targets and parameters that need to be better understood to improve this therapy and provide more individualized treatment according to the patient\'s predominant symptoms.
摘要：
深部脑刺激（DBS）调节功能失调网络中的局部和广泛的连通性。在几个患者群体中观察到阳性结果；然而，治疗的确切机制尚不清楚.转化DBS研究旨在回答这些问题，并为推进该领域提供知识。这里,我们系统地回顾了涉及神经模型的DBS研究的文献，发育和神经精神疾病，以提供围绕这一主题的当前科学景观的综合。根据PRISMA指南对文献进行了系统分析。包括407篇原创文章。数据提取侧重于研究特征，包括刺激方案，行为结果，和行动机制。多年来发表的文章数量有所增加，包括16只大鼠模型和13只转基因或健康动物暴露于外部因素诱发症状的小鼠模型。大多数研究针对不同刺激设置的端脑结构。85.8%的纳入研究报告了积极的行为结果。在精神和神经发育障碍的模型中，DBS诱导的作用与沿着中皮质胶质回路的单胺和神经元活性的变化有关。对于运动障碍，DBS通过调节纹状体多巴胺能系统改善症状。在痴呆症和癫痫模型中，海马细胞和分子方面的变化被证明是症状改善的基础。尽管在将研究结果从临床前转化为临床设置方面存在局限性，啮齿动物研究为我们目前对疾病病理生理学和DBS机制的了解做出了重大贡献。直接抑制/激发神经活动，由此DBS调节大脑网络内的病理性振荡活动，是其机制的主要理论之一。然而,机制仍然存在基本问题，需要更好地理解的最佳目标和参数，以改善这种治疗，并根据患者的主要症状提供更个性化的治疗。
