Abstract：
Hyperthermophilic composting, characterized by temperatures equal to or exceeding 75 °C, offers superior compost maturity and performance. Inoculation with thermophilic bacteria presents a viable approach to achieving hyperthermophilic composting. This study investigates the effects of inoculating thermophilic bacteria, isolated at different temperatures (50 °C, 60 °C, and 70 °C) into compost on maturity, gaseous emissions, and microbial community dynamics during co-composting. Results indicate that the thermophilic bacteria inoculation treatments exhibited peak temperature on Day 3, with the maximum temperature of 75 °C reached two days earlier than the control treatment. Furthermore, these treatments demonstrated increased bacterial richness and diversity, along with elevated relative abundances of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. They also fostered mutualistic correlations among microbial species, enhancing network connectivity and complexity, thereby facilitating lignocellulose degradation. Specifically, inoculation with thermophilic bacteria at 60 °C increased the relative abundance of Thermobifida and unclassified-f-Thermomonosporaceae (Actinobacteriota), whereas Bacillus, a thermophilic bacterium, was enriched in the 70 °C inoculation treatment. Consequently, the thermophilic bacteria at 60 °C and 70 °C enhanced maturity by 36 %-50 % and reduced NH3 emissions by 1.08 %-27.50 % through the proliferation of thermophilic heterotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (Corynebacterium). Moreover, all inoculation treatments decreased CH4 emissions by 6 %-27 % through the enrichment of methanotrophic bacteria (Methylococcaceae) and reduced H2S, Me2S, and Me2SS emissions by 1 %-25 %, 47 %-63 %, and 15 %-53 %, respectively. However, the inoculation treatments led to increased N2O emissions through enhanced denitrification, as evidenced by the enrichment of Truepera and Pusillimonas. Overall, thermophilic bacteria inoculation promoted bacteria associated with compost maturity while attenuating the relationship between core bacteria and gaseous emissions during composting.
摘要：
高温堆肥，温度等于或超过75°C，提供卓越的堆肥成熟度和性能。用嗜热细菌接种是实现超嗜热堆肥的可行方法。本研究调查了接种嗜热细菌的影响，在不同温度(50°C，60°C,和70°C)在成熟时加入堆肥，气体排放，和共同堆肥过程中的微生物群落动态。结果表明，嗜热细菌接种处理在第3天表现出峰值温度，最高温度75°C比对照处理提前两天达到。此外，这些治疗方法证明了细菌的丰富度和多样性，伴随着厚壁菌和变形杆菌的相对丰度升高。他们还促进了微生物物种之间的相互关系，增强网络连接和复杂性，从而促进木质纤维素降解。具体来说,在60°C下接种嗜热细菌增加了Thermobida和未分类的-f-Thermomononosporaceae（放线菌）的相对丰度，而芽孢杆菌,一种嗜热细菌，在70°C接种处理中富集。因此,通过嗜热异养氨氧化细菌（棒状杆菌）的增殖，在60°C和70°C的嗜热细菌将成熟度提高了36％-50％，并将NH3排放量减少了1.08％-27.50％。此外，所有接种处理通过富集甲烷营养细菌（甲基球菌科）和减少H2S，使CH4排放量减少了6％-27％，Me2S,和Me2SS排放量减少1%-25%，47%-63%，15%-53%，分别。然而,接种处理通过增强反硝化作用导致N2O排放增加，Truepera和Pusillimonas的富集证明了这一点。总的来说,嗜热细菌接种促进了与堆肥成熟度相关的细菌，同时减弱了堆肥过程中核心细菌与气体排放之间的关系。
