Abstract：
BACKGROUND: A link between androgen use and the risk of cancers, especially prostate and breast cancer, has been suggested. The knowledge about a possible association is limited.
OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to investigate cancer incidence rates, particularly those related to prostate and breast cancer, in male androgen users and compare them to a control group.
METHODS: We included male androgen users identified through a nationwide anti-doping testing program in Danish fitness centers from 2006 to 2018. We paired each case with 50 male controls of the same age, selected randomly. The cohort was followed from baseline and until 2023. The outcome was the incidence of prostate cancer, breast cancer, or any cancer excluding non-melanoma skin cancer.
RESULTS: The study included 1,189 androgen users and 59,450 controls, with a mean age of 27 years at enrolment. During the follow-up period with a mean length of 11 years, 13 androgen users, and 612 controls were diagnosed with cancer. This resulted in an incidence rate ratio of 1.05 (95% CI: 0.55-1.81). None of the androgen users were diagnosed with prostate or breast cancer.
CONCLUSIONS: Male androgen users did not face an increased short-term risk of cancer, neither overall nor related to prostate or breast cancer. Our study indicates that the absolute risk of malignancies in androgen users is comparable to that in the background population. However, we cannot exclude androgens as a cancer risk factor due to the limited sample size, relatively short follow-up period, and subject age.
OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to investigate cancer incidence rates, particularly those related to prostate and breast cancer, in male androgen users and compare them to a control group.
METHODS: We included male androgen users identified through a nationwide anti-doping testing program in Danish fitness centers from 2006 to 2018. We paired each case with 50 male controls of the same age, selected randomly. The cohort was followed from baseline and until 2023. The outcome was the incidence of prostate cancer, breast cancer, or any cancer excluding non-melanoma skin cancer.
RESULTS: The study included 1,189 androgen users and 59,450 controls, with a mean age of 27 years at enrolment. During the follow-up period with a mean length of 11 years, 13 androgen users, and 612 controls were diagnosed with cancer. This resulted in an incidence rate ratio of 1.05 (95% CI: 0.55-1.81). None of the androgen users were diagnosed with prostate or breast cancer.
CONCLUSIONS: Male androgen users did not face an increased short-term risk of cancer, neither overall nor related to prostate or breast cancer. Our study indicates that the absolute risk of malignancies in androgen users is comparable to that in the background population. However, we cannot exclude androgens as a cancer risk factor due to the limited sample size, relatively short follow-up period, and subject age.
摘要：
背景：雄激素使用与癌症风险之间的联系，尤其是前列腺癌和乳腺癌,有人建议。关于可能的关联的知识是有限的。
目的：这项研究旨在调查癌症发病率，特别是那些与前列腺癌和乳腺癌有关的，在男性雄激素使用者中，并将其与对照组进行比较。
方法：我们纳入了2006年至2018年丹麦健身中心通过全国反兴奋剂检测计划确定的男性雄激素使用者。我们将每个病例与50个同龄男性对照配对，随机选择。从基线开始追踪该队列直到2023年。结果是前列腺癌的发病率，乳腺癌,或任何不包括非黑色素瘤皮肤癌的癌症。
结果：该研究包括1,189名雄激素使用者和59,450名对照，入学时平均年龄为27岁。在平均11年的随访期间，13名雄激素使用者，和612名对照被诊断出患有癌症。这导致的发病率比率为1.05(95%CI:0.55-1.81)。没有一个雄激素使用者被诊断出患有前列腺癌或乳腺癌。
结论：男性雄激素使用者没有面临短期癌症风险的增加，既不全面也不与前列腺癌或乳腺癌有关。我们的研究表明，雄激素使用者患恶性肿瘤的绝对风险与背景人群相当。然而,由于样本量有限，我们不能排除雄激素作为癌症风险因素，相对较短的随访期，和主题年龄。
目的：这项研究旨在调查癌症发病率，特别是那些与前列腺癌和乳腺癌有关的，在男性雄激素使用者中，并将其与对照组进行比较。
方法：我们纳入了2006年至2018年丹麦健身中心通过全国反兴奋剂检测计划确定的男性雄激素使用者。我们将每个病例与50个同龄男性对照配对，随机选择。从基线开始追踪该队列直到2023年。结果是前列腺癌的发病率，乳腺癌,或任何不包括非黑色素瘤皮肤癌的癌症。
结果：该研究包括1,189名雄激素使用者和59,450名对照，入学时平均年龄为27岁。在平均11年的随访期间，13名雄激素使用者，和612名对照被诊断出患有癌症。这导致的发病率比率为1.05(95%CI:0.55-1.81)。没有一个雄激素使用者被诊断出患有前列腺癌或乳腺癌。
结论：男性雄激素使用者没有面临短期癌症风险的增加，既不全面也不与前列腺癌或乳腺癌有关。我们的研究表明，雄激素使用者患恶性肿瘤的绝对风险与背景人群相当。然而,由于样本量有限，我们不能排除雄激素作为癌症风险因素，相对较短的随访期，和主题年龄。
