PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Nudging, a controversial technique for modifying people\'s behavior in a predictable way, is claimed to preserve freedom of choice while simultaneously influencing it. Nudging had been largely confined to situations such as promoting healthy eating choices but has been employed in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis in a shift towards measures that involve significantly less choice, such as shoves and behavioral prods. Shared decision making (SDM), a method for direct involvement and autonomy, is an alternative approach to communicate risk. Predominantly peer-reviewed scientific publications from standard literature databases like PubMed, PsycInfo, and Psyndex were evaluated in a narrative review. The so-called fear nudges, as well as the dissemination of strongly emotionalizing or moralizing messages can lead to intense psycho-physical stress. The use of these nudges by specialized units during the COVID-19 pandemic generated a societal atmosphere of fear that precipitated a deterioration of the mental and physical health of the population. Major recommendations of the German COVID-19 Snapshot Monitoring (COSMO) study, which are based on elements of nudging and coercive measures, do not comply with ethical principles, basic psychological principles, or evidence-based data. SDM was misused in the COVID-19 crisis, which helped to achieve one-sided goals of governments. The emphasis on utilitarian thinking is criticized and the unethical behavior of decision makers is explained by both using the concept of moral disengagement and the maturity level of coping strategies. There should be a return to an open-ended, democratic, and pluralistic scientific debate without using nudges. It is therefore necessary to return to the origins of SDM.
摘要：
轻推，一种以可预测的方式改变人们行为的有争议的技术，声称在保护选择自由的同时影响它。轻推在很大程度上仅限于促进健康饮食选择等情况，但在2019年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)危机中被采用，转向涉及显著减少选择的措施，比如推挤和行为刺激。共享决策(SDM)直接参与和自治的方法，是一种沟通风险的替代方法。主要来自PubMed等标准文献数据库的同行评审科学出版物，PsycInfo,和Psyndex在叙述性审查中进行了评估。所谓的恐惧轻推，以及传播强烈的情绪化或道德化信息可能导致强烈的心理-生理压力。在COVID-19大流行期间，专业单位使用这些推动产生了一种恐惧的社会氛围，导致人口的身心健康恶化。德国COVID-19快照监测(COSMO)研究的主要建议，基于轻推和强制措施的要素，不遵守道德原则，基本的心理学原则，或基于证据的数据。SDM在COVID-19危机中被滥用，这有助于实现政府的片面目标。批评强调功利主义思想，并通过使用道德脱离接触的概念和应对策略的成熟度来解释决策者的不道德行为。应该回到一个开放式的，民主,和不使用轻推的多元化科学辩论。因此，有必要回到SDM的起源。
