PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Objective: Synthesize longitudinal research evaluating neighborhood environments and cognition to identify methodological approaches, findings, and gaps. Methods: Included studies evaluated associations between neighborhood and cognition longitudinally among adults >45 years (or mean age of 65 years) living in developed nations. We extracted data on sample characteristics, exposures, outcomes, methods, overall findings, and assessment of disparities. Results: Forty studies met our inclusion criteria. Most (65%) measured exposure only once and a majority focused on green space and/or blue space (water), neighborhood socioeconomic status, and recreation/physical activity facilities. Similarly, over half studied incident impairment, cognitive function or decline (70%), with one examining MRI (2.5%) or Alzheimer\'s disease (7.5%). While most studies used repeated measures analysis to evaluate changes in the brain health outcome (51%), many studies did not account for any type of correlation within neighborhoods (35%). Less than half evaluated effect modification by race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and/or sex/gender. Evidence was mixed and dependent on exposure or outcome assessed. Conclusion: Although longitudinal research evaluating neighborhood and cognitive decline has expanded, gaps remain in types of exposures, outcomes, analytic approaches, and sample diversity.
摘要：
目标：综合纵向研究评估邻里环境和认知，以确定方法论方法，调查结果,和差距。方法：纳入的研究纵向评估了生活在发达国家的>45岁（或平均年龄65岁）的成年人之间的邻里和认知之间的关联。我们提取了样本特征的数据，暴露,结果，方法,总体调查结果，以及对差异的评估。结果：40项研究符合我们的纳入标准。大多数（65％）仅测量一次暴露，大多数集中在绿色空间和/或蓝色空间（水），邻里社会经济地位，和娱乐/体育活动设施。同样，超过一半的研究事件损害，认知功能或下降（70％），其中一项检查MRI（2.5%）或阿尔茨海默病（7.5%）。虽然大多数研究使用重复测量分析来评估大脑健康结果的变化（51％），许多研究没有考虑社区内任何类型的相关性(35%).按种族/民族评估的效果修改不到一半，社会经济地位,和/或性别/性别。证据参差不齐，取决于暴露或评估的结果。结论：尽管评估邻域和认知衰退的纵向研究已经扩大，暴露类型仍然存在差距，结果，分析方法，和样本多样性。
