Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Keratoconus is a progressive disorder of the cornea that causes thinning (Sedaghat et al. in Sci Rep 11(1):11971, 2021), ectasia, and irregular astigmatism, resulting in poor visual acuity that cannot be corrected with standard sphero-cylindrical spectacle lenses. One feature distinguishing keratoconic corneas is ocular aberrations, manifesting up to five or six times the amount of higher-order aberrations than a normal, healthy eye. These aberrations can cause visual disturbances even at the very early stages of the disease.
METHODS: In the past, a diagnosis was derived from clinical symptoms, but technological advances have revealed multiple pre-clinical features, allowing for the differentiation between keratoconic and normal eyes at a much earlier stage. These include anterior and posterior corneal surface elevations, the corneal pachymetry profile, corneal epithelial patterns, wavefront aberration metrics, and corneal biomechanics (Sedaghat et al. in Sci Rep 11(1):11971, 2021).This review discusses the aberrations associated with keratoconus, how to measure them, and treatment methods to minimize their negative influence.
CONCLUSIONS: Early diagnosis can lead to early treatment and may allow for arresting progression, thereby improving the long-term prognosis. With the acceleration of refractive surgery, it is important to identify patients with keratoconus, as they are usually contraindicated for refractive surgery.
METHODS: In the past, a diagnosis was derived from clinical symptoms, but technological advances have revealed multiple pre-clinical features, allowing for the differentiation between keratoconic and normal eyes at a much earlier stage. These include anterior and posterior corneal surface elevations, the corneal pachymetry profile, corneal epithelial patterns, wavefront aberration metrics, and corneal biomechanics (Sedaghat et al. in Sci Rep 11(1):11971, 2021).This review discusses the aberrations associated with keratoconus, how to measure them, and treatment methods to minimize their negative influence.
CONCLUSIONS: Early diagnosis can lead to early treatment and may allow for arresting progression, thereby improving the long-term prognosis. With the acceleration of refractive surgery, it is important to identify patients with keratoconus, as they are usually contraindicated for refractive surgery.
摘要：
背景：圆锥角膜是导致角膜变薄的进行性疾病（Sedaghat等人。科学报告11(1)：11971,2021)，ectasia,和不规则的散光，导致视力不佳，无法用标准的球圆柱眼镜片矫正。角膜角膜炎的一个特征是像差，表现出比正常人高五六倍的高阶像差，健康的眼睛即使在疾病的早期阶段，这些畸变也会导致视觉障碍。
方法：在过去，诊断来自临床症状，但是技术进步揭示了多种临床前特征，允许在更早的阶段区分角膜和正常的眼睛。这些包括角膜前表面和后表面抬高，角膜测厚曲线,角膜上皮模式，波前像差度量，和角膜生物力学(Sedaghat等人。科学报告11(1)：11971,2021)。这篇综述讨论了与圆锥角膜相关的像差，如何测量它们，和治疗方法，以尽量减少其负面影响。
结论：早期诊断可以导致早期治疗，并可能阻止进展，从而改善长期预后。随着屈光手术的加速，识别圆锥角膜患者很重要，因为它们通常是屈光手术的禁忌。
方法：在过去，诊断来自临床症状，但是技术进步揭示了多种临床前特征，允许在更早的阶段区分角膜和正常的眼睛。这些包括角膜前表面和后表面抬高，角膜测厚曲线,角膜上皮模式，波前像差度量，和角膜生物力学(Sedaghat等人。科学报告11(1)：11971,2021)。这篇综述讨论了与圆锥角膜相关的像差，如何测量它们，和治疗方法，以尽量减少其负面影响。
结论：早期诊断可以导致早期治疗，并可能阻止进展，从而改善长期预后。随着屈光手术的加速，识别圆锥角膜患者很重要，因为它们通常是屈光手术的禁忌。
